Synergizing Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles: An Experimental Analysis of Grid Integration, Charging Optimization, and Environmental Impact تآزر الطاقة المتجددة والمركبات الكهربائية: تحليل تجريبي لتكامل الشبكة، وتحسين الشحن، والتأثير البيئي

Ahmed, Abdussalam Ali · 2025 · Crossref

DOI: 10.65421/jibas.v1i1.10

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Summary

This paper addresses the critical challenge of integrating rapidly growing electric vehicle (EV) adoption with expanding renewable energy generation to optimize grid stability and reduce environmental impact. Motivated by the surge in global EV sales—reaching nearly 14 million in 2023—and the fact that renewables now supply roughly one-third of global electricity, the study investigates how synergizing these two sectors can prevent grid strain and accelerate decarbonization. The authors argue that while unmanaged EV charging could exacerbate peak loads and fossil fuel dependence, intelligent coordination through smart charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies can transform EVs into flexible distributed energy resources that absorb excess renewable generation and provide ancillary grid services. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of recent literature, analysis of public datasets, and examination of simulation studies and case studies. The authors analyze trends in EV adoption and renewable capacity, focusing on three primary themes: grid integration architectures, charging optimization techniques, and environmental outcomes. Specific experimental data includes a machine learning analysis of California EV charging sessions (January 2021–May 2024) to forecast demand based on renewable penetration, and a field study of a solar-and-wind-powered microgrid in Karnataka, India, which utilized synchrophasor monitoring to manage real-time power flows. Additionally, the paper reviews simulation results using IEEE standard test feeders to assess the impact of controlled versus uncontrolled charging on grid performance. Key findings demonstrate that aligning EV charging with renewable supply yields significant technical and environmental benefits. The California dataset analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between renewable energy usage and EV charging demand, with a 10% increase in renewables leading to a 20% increase in predicted charging load. The Indian microgrid case study showed that injecting both active and reactive power from EVs reduced line losses by approximately 81% and saved 128.4 metric tons of CO₂ annually compared to conventional dispatch. Furthermore, simulation studies indicated that smart charging algorithms could reduce charging costs and carbon emissions by over 20% while maintaining voltage stability and preventing transformer overloads. The research confirms that V2G capabilities allow EVs to act as mobile storage, supporting grid frequency and voltage regulation. The significance of this work lies in its demonstration that intelligent coordination of EV charging is essential for achieving sustainable mobility and reliable energy systems. The authors conclude that strategies such as time-of-use scheduling, renewable-responsive charging, and demand response are crucial for shaving peak loads and maximizing the utilization of clean energy. These insights support policy and technological pathways toward decarbonizing the transport sector, suggesting that future investments in IoT, AI-driven control platforms, and bidirectional charging standards will further enhance the synergy between EVs and renewable energy, ultimately contributing to global climate goals.

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• v2x connected vehicle