Use of Waste Rubber Material as Crumb on Road Construction
DOI: 10.22214/ijraset.2024.58747
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Summary
This study investigates the use of waste crumb rubber as a modifier for bitumen in road construction, addressing the dual challenges of increasing solid waste from tires and the need for durable pavement materials. With India generating over 15 million waste tires annually, improper disposal leads to environmental hazards, including landfill congestion, mosquito breeding grounds, and toxic fires. The research aims to determine if replacing a portion of bitumen with crumb rubber improves the physical properties of the binder, thereby enhancing pavement performance against distresses like rutting and cracking while promoting sustainable waste management. The experimental methodology involved preparing Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) by mixing shredded waste tire rubber with virgin bitumen using a wet process. Samples were created with rubber content replacing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the bitumen by weight. The mixtures were heated to 160–170°C and stirred for approximately 55 minutes to ensure proper blending. The physical properties of these modified binders were evaluated against unmodified bitumen using standard laboratory tests: penetration, softening point, ductility, and specific gravity, adhering to ASTM and AASHTO specifications. The results demonstrated that increasing crumb rubber content significantly altered the binder’s characteristics. Penetration values decreased from 57.33 mm (0% rubber) to 31.66 mm (20% rubber), indicating increased stiffness and suitability for warmer climates. Conversely, softening points rose from 48°C to 66.5°C, enhancing resistance to high-temperature deformation. Ductility decreased from 72 cm to 50 cm as rubber content increased, reflecting reduced flexibility. Specific gravity increased linearly from 1.00 to 1.07. The study found that 5% and 10% CRMB exhibited properties consistent with CRMB 55 grade, while 15% CRMB aligned with CRMB 60 grade. However, the 20% mixture failed to meet standard specifications due to excessive stiffness and altered elastic properties. The study concludes that incorporating waste rubber into bitumen is a viable, sustainable practice that mitigates environmental hazards associated with tire waste. It recommends 5% CRMB for cold climate zones due to its higher penetration and flexibility, and 15% CRMB for hot climate zones due to its higher stiffness and rut resistance. This approach offers an economically and environmentally beneficial alternative to conventional bitumen, improving pavement longevity and reducing reliance on virgin materials.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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