Relationship of Traffic Noise with High Blood Pressure to Pedicab Drivers Around Purabaya Bus Station Surabaya
DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v8i1.2015.69-80
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Summary
This study investigates the relationship between traffic noise exposure and increased blood pressure (hypertension) among pedicab drivers in Surabaya, Indonesia. The research was motivated by the health risks associated with bus terminals, which generate significant traffic noise, and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases linked to hypertension. Specifically, the study aimed to determine if the high noise levels surrounding the busy Purabaya Bus Station contribute to elevated blood pressure in drivers working in that area compared to those in a quieter control area. The researchers employed a cross-sectional observational design, comparing two groups of pedicab drivers: 22 drivers working near Purabaya Bus Station (case group) and 22 drivers working in the quieter Dukuh Menanggal area (control group), totaling 44 respondents selected via simple random sampling. Traffic noise levels were measured using a Sound Level Meter at both locations over an eight-hour period, while blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer. Data on individual characteristics, behavioral factors (smoking, coffee, alcohol consumption), and exposure duration were collected via questionnaires. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests for noise levels and Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests to assess relationships between variables and hypertension. The results indicated a significant difference in noise levels between the two sites. The average noise level at Purabaya Bus Station was 80.2 dB(A), whereas the level at Dukuh Menanggal was 66.4 dB(A); both were below the occupational safety threshold of 85 dB(A). Statistically, there was a significant relationship between traffic noise levels and increased blood pressure (p = 0.034). Drivers in the high-noise environment had a higher prevalence of hypertension (72.7%) compared to those in the low-noise environment (36.4%). Additionally, family history of hypertension was significantly associated with high blood pressure (p = 0.002). Other factors, such as age, education level, smoking habits, and years of work, showed varying degrees of association or difference between the groups, but noise and family history were the primary significant findings regarding hypertension risk. The study concludes that traffic noise is significantly related to increased blood pressure in pedicab drivers, even when noise levels remain below standard occupational limits. This suggests that chronic exposure to moderate traffic noise may still pose cardiovascular health risks. The authors recommend that future research conduct noise measurements over multiple days to obtain more accurate average exposure levels and investigate other contributing factors to identify the primary triggers for hypertension in this population. These findings highlight the need for environmental health monitoring in high-traffic urban areas to protect workers from noise-induced health issues.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-25 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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