The Analysis of Low Noise Protection Barriers Influence on Tram Traffic Noise Levels

Ahac, Maja; Lakušić, Stjepan; Ahac, Saša; Dragčević, Vesna · 2013 · Crossref

DOI: 10.1515/rjti-2015-0007

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Summary

This study addresses the challenge of mitigating tram traffic noise in densely populated urban areas, specifically focusing on Drzic Avenue in Zagreb, Croatia. The research is motivated by the negative health and social impacts of environmental noise on residents living in high-rise buildings adjacent to major tram routes. While increasing distance between tracks and receivers is an effective noise reduction strategy, it is often impractical in established urban centers due to land acquisition costs. Consequently, the authors investigate the efficacy of low-height concrete noise protection barriers as a feasible alternative to high barriers or track upgrades, which are constrained by spatial, financial, and operational limitations. The methodology involved creating and validating a noise prediction model for a 1.2 km section of the tram line. The model utilized the Lima software package and the Dutch RMR 1997 method, adhering to European interim noise prediction standards. Input data included detailed parameters of the railway superstructure (Ri-60 grooved rails with elastic fastening), vehicle characteristics, traffic load (370 trams daily with a 3-minute frequency), and average speeds (20 km/h constant, with acceleration/deceleration zones). A 3D terrain model was constructed using digital maps to account for building locations, heights, and ground surface types. To ensure reliability, the model was validated against short-term field measurements taken with a Brüel & Kjær sound level meter. Measurements were conducted at 1 meter from the track and 1.2 meters above the rail surface under favorable meteorological conditions. The validation confirmed that the difference between calculated and measured equivalent noise levels was within the acceptable limit of 3 dB(A). Following validation, the model was used to simulate the impact of installing 1.2-meter-high, high-absorbent concrete barriers. These barriers were positioned 1.5 meters from the track axis on open sections and at existing fence locations at stations, a height chosen to avoid obstructing passenger views. The results, presented through noise maps, indicated that the installation of these low barriers would result in an average noise reduction of 10 dB(A). This reduction brings daytime noise levels into full compliance with the permissible limit of 55 dB(A). However, while nighttime noise levels were also reduced, they did not fully meet the stricter 45 dB(A) limit. The study concludes that low-height noise barriers represent a cost-effective and efficient mitigation measure for urban tram lines. Beyond noise reduction, the barriers offer additional benefits, including improved traffic safety by separating tram, road, and pedestrian traffic, minimal disruption during construction, and ease of disassembly for track maintenance. The findings suggest that such barriers are a viable solution for improving the urban acoustic environment where high barriers or infrastructure upgrades are not feasible.

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• perceptual countermeasures