STABILIZATION OF LATERITIC SOIL SAMPLE FROM IJOKO WITH CEMENT KILN DUST AND LIME
DOI: 10.20961/ijcee.v9i1.64990
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Summary
This study investigates the stabilization of lateritic soil from Ijoko, Nigeria, using Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) and lime to improve its engineering properties for road pavement construction. The research is motivated by the poor quality of local lateritic soils, which are prone to collapse under traffic loads, and the high cost and environmental issues associated with traditional cement stabilization. CKD, a by-product of cement manufacturing, offers a potentially cheaper and more sustainable alternative. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of CKD and lime in enhancing soil strength and durability for use in subbase materials. The researchers adopted an experimental design, collecting lateritic soil samples from Ijoko, Ogun State, along with fresh CKD from a Lafarge plant and commercial lime. Laboratory tests were conducted on untreated soil and soil mixed with incremental percentages (2% to 10%) of CKD and lime. The testing protocol followed British Standard BS 1377 and ASTM standards, including Atterberg limits (liquid and plastic limits), sieve analysis, specific gravity, compaction tests, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests (both soaked and unsoaked), linear shrinkage, swelling potential, and unconfined compressive strength tests. The results indicated that the untreated soil was classified as A-7-6 (AASHTO) and CL (USCS), signifying problematic engineering qualities. Stabilization with CKD reduced the plasticity index from 30.5% to 29.9% and decreased the swelling potential from 0.05% to 0.039%. In contrast, lime application slightly increased the plasticity index to 31.0% and increased swelling potential to 1.1%. Maximum dry density decreased with both additives, dropping from 1.97 Mg/m³ to 1.86 Mg/m³ with CKD and to 1.88 Mg/m³ with lime. Specific gravity tests showed CKD (2.57) had a lower density than lime (2.64). The study concluded that CKD stabilization was more effective in reducing plasticity and swelling, making it a suitable and economic alternative for improving lateritic soil for flexible pavement subbases. The findings suggest that utilizing industrial waste like CKD can significantly enhance soil performance while reducing construction costs and environmental waste.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
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| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
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| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
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