Understanding traffic congestion from stakeholders' perceptions in the central area of Lahore, Pakistan
DOI: 10.5937/jaes0-27534
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Summary
This study investigates the causes and effects of traffic congestion in the central area of Lahore, Pakistan, by analyzing the perceptions of various stakeholders. Motivated by the severe infrastructural deficiencies, economic losses, and health risks associated with urban congestion in developing nations, the research aims to identify primary congestion drivers and propose mitigation strategies based on local user experiences. The findings are intended to inform policy-making for traffic management in Lahore and similar urban centers in Pakistan. The researchers employed an explanatory research design using a mixed-methods approach. Data was collected from a sample of 365 respondents selected via random cluster sampling, comprising 135 pedestrians, 107 shopkeepers, 116 motorists, and 7 experts from the Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency (TEPA) and the Department of Transportation Engineering and Management (DTEM). The majority of respondents were male (75.61%) and under 30 years old (59.43%). Quantitative data was gathered through roadside questionnaire surveys covering demographics, perceived causes, effects, and responsible stakeholders. Qualitative insights were obtained through in-depth interviews with the seven traffic experts. The results indicate that illegal roadside parking, poor attitudes among motorists and shopkeepers, street encroachments, and businesses operating on streets are the primary causes of congestion. Respondents identified the period between 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM as experiencing maximum traffic congestion. The study highlights that these bottlenecks hinder efficient transit flow and cause significant mental stress among residents. The authors note that Lahore’s rapid population growth, inefficient public transport systems, and uncontrolled land use exacerbate these issues. The study concludes that effective traffic management requires a combination of strict law enforcement, infrastructure improvements, and public education. Recommended measures include the provision of adequate parking spaces, construction of overhead pedestrian bridges, and widespread education on traffic rules. The authors argue that addressing the "Triad" of poor discipline, inadequate city planning, and archaic management systems is essential. These findings provide a framework for policymakers to implement targeted interventions, such as speed control, lane management, and deterrent penalties, to mitigate congestion and its associated economic and environmental impacts in central Lahore.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
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| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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