Using linked data to evaluate hospital charges for motor vehicle crash victims in Pennsylvania : Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) linked data demonstration project
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Summary
This study analyzed linked police crash and hospital discharge data from Pennsylvania in 1994 to evaluate hospital charges for motor vehicle crash victims and identify which groups incurred the highest costs. The researchers examined approximately 17,759 hospitalized victims who incurred roughly $350 million in total hospital charges. Key findings revealed that average hospital charges were significantly higher for individuals who did not use safety belts, were elderly, used alcohol, or were motorcyclists. Additionally, males between the ages of 16 and 40 accounted for the largest portion of total hospital charges due to higher crash involvement rates. Commercial insurance bore the majority of these costs, while Medicaid patients faced average charges approximately 50% higher than other patients. The study concludes that specific risk factors and demographic groups drive disproportionate financial burdens, suggesting targeted interventions could reduce both human and economic consequences.
Key finding
Average hospital charges for motor vehicle crash victims were significantly higher for non-safety belt users, the elderly, alcohol users, and motorcyclists, with commercial insurance covering the majority of total costs.
Methodology
dataset
Sample size: 17759
Provenance
The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_rosap on 2026-05-23 (7 acquisition events logged).
| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | rosap | — | — | 2 | 2026-05-23 |
| archive | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| extract | skipped | empty | — | — | 4 | 2026-06-10 |
| clean | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| chunk | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| embed | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-02 |
| enrich | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b | — | 3 | 2026-06-01 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 19 | 2026-06-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-03 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-01; verification: verified.
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- Empirical Findings: crash risk outcomes