Optimizing The Functional Performance of Road Network using Vulnerability Assessment to Cope with Unforeseen Road Incidents

Amrozi, Mukhammad Rizka Fahmi; Raihan Pasha Isheka · 2021 · Crossref

DOI: 10.22146/jcef.3598

archive: archived pipeline: cataloged verified

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Summary

This study addresses the need for a practical vulnerability assessment tool for urban road networks in Indonesia, where existing accessibility indexes are often impractical for local authorities who prioritize functional performance indicators. Motivated by the increasing frequency of road disruptions in Yogyakarta due to natural hazards, accidents, and mass demonstrations, the research aims to develop a performance-based vulnerability index known as the Road Criticality Index (RCI). The RCI is designed to identify road sections that cause the most significant negative consequences when closed, thereby helping authorities prioritize maintenance and mitigation strategies under constrained budgets. The methodology involved developing a traffic simulation model of the Yogyakarta urban area using PTV Visum software, based on 2019 peak-hour travel demand data. The model included 89 road sections (165 links) categorized by function (primary arterial, secondary arterial, and collector roads). To assess vulnerability, the researchers simulated worst-case scenarios by sequentially closing each road link and comparing the resulting network performance against normal conditions. The RCI was constructed using four parameters: Volume Capacity Ratio (VCR) and travel speed as local indicators, and Vehicle Hour Travel (VHT) and Vehicle Kilometre Travel (VKT) as global mobility indicators. Four different quantification models (M1–M4) were tested to aggregate these parameters into a single composite score, with M3 and M4 providing decimal values for more sensitive measurements. The results indicated that over half of the roads in Yogyakarta were already in severe congestion under normal conditions, and incidents worsened performance in approximately 58.2% of the network. The simulation revealed that while incidents consistently increased VCR and decreased travel speed, the impact on mobility metrics (VHT and VKT) varied depending on the location of the closure and the availability of alternative routes. The analysis identified Jalan Ring Road Utara Kentungan-Gejayan (Link 47) as the most critical road, yielding the highest vulnerability score across all models. Furthermore, the study found a positive correlation between traffic volume and vulnerability scores, with traffic volume explaining 34% of the variance in the most effective model (M3). The RCI provided a more comprehensive assessment than the traditional VCR indicator by incorporating both local serviceability and global network mobility. The significance of this research lies in the development of a robust, performance-based vulnerability index that aligns with Indonesian road management standards. By identifying critical links and their systemic impacts, the RCI enables road authorities to make data-driven decisions regarding infrastructure maintenance and preventive measures. The study concludes that this methodology can be applied to sustainably enhance the resilience of urban road networks, allowing for better risk mitigation and resource allocation in the face of unforeseen disruptions.

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