EVALUATION OF METHODS OF APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL AND DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF CARS IN WORLD PRACTICE

Shevcova, Anastasiya; Loktionova, Alina · 2022 · Crossref

DOI: 10.34220/2311-8873-2022-74-81

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Summary

This paper addresses the critical issue of road safety in the context of increasing vehicle ownership and the evolving technical characteristics of modern automobiles. The authors argue that while road safety depends on infrastructure, human factors, and vehicle conditions, current traffic management and road design standards often rely on outdated technical and dynamic parameters. The primary research objective is to evaluate how these parameters are applied in global practice, specifically comparing Russian and American methodologies, to identify the need for updating normative bases to reflect modern vehicle capabilities. The study utilizes a comparative analysis of statistical data and engineering standards. The authors first analyze vehicle sales and registration statistics in the Russian Federation from 2018 to 2021, noting a steady increase in vehicle numbers and highlighting that passenger cars constitute 87% of the traffic flow. Consequently, the analysis focuses on passenger vehicles. The paper categorizes relevant parameters into technical (dimensions, mass, wheelbase, turning radius) and dynamic (tractive force, speed, acceleration). The authors examine specific Russian design codes, such as SP 34.13330.2021, which utilize static parameters like vehicle length and width for road geometry calculations. They contrast this with the United States’ Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), which integrates both geometric and dynamic parameters for traffic signal timing. The results demonstrate that both Russian and American practices rely heavily on vehicle length and speed for traffic management calculations, such as determining intermediate signal phases and maximum allowable headways. However, the authors identify a significant discrepancy in the data sources used. Current Russian calculations often rely on dynamic characteristics derived from Soviet-era vehicles (e.g., ZIL-110, GAZ M-20), as evidenced by external speed characteristic graphs from 1959. In contrast, modern vehicles possess significantly different technical and dynamic profiles, being more powerful, compact, and maneuverable. The paper illustrates that while the methodological frameworks for using these parameters are similar globally, the underlying data in Russian standards has not been sufficiently updated to match the contemporary vehicle fleet. The significance of this research lies in its conclusion that the continuous modernization of normative documentation is essential for ensuring road safety and traffic efficiency. The authors assert that relying on obsolete vehicle parameters leads to suboptimal road design and traffic control measures. The study implies that future research and engineering practice must focus on determining accurate, up-to-date parameters for calibrated modern vehicles to improve the functioning of isolated road sections and overall traffic safety. This highlights a gap in current regulatory frameworks that requires immediate attention to align with technological advancements in automotive engineering.

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• regulatory evaluation