Design of vehicle to vehicle communication: accident collision prevention using light fidelity and wireless fidelity technology

Ariba, Folashade Olamide; Onimisi, Yusuf Isaac; Ijagbemi, Adedotun; Egbune, Dickson Ogochukwu · 2026 · Crossref

DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v24i2.27570

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Summary

This study addresses the critical need for reliable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems to prevent road accidents, a growing concern as global vehicle numbers are projected to exceed 2 billion by 2030. Existing wireless solutions, such as WiFi, often suffer from latency, interference, and reliability issues in dense traffic, while Light Fidelity (LiFi) offers high bandwidth but is limited by line-of-sight requirements. To overcome these individual weaknesses, the authors propose a hybrid communication framework that integrates LiFi for short-range, low-latency data exchange and WiFi for long-range coverage, aiming to enhance safety and reliability in intelligent transportation systems. The research methodology involved the design, simulation, and prototype development of a V2V system using ESP32 microcontrollers, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, high-intensity LEDs for LiFi transmission, and photodiodes for reception. The system was simulated using Proteus software and implemented on breadboards before being mounted on wheeled prototypes. The communication protocol utilized On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation for LiFi and IEEE 802.11p standards for WiFi. The system dynamically switches between LiFi and WiFi based on line-of-sight availability, processing distance data every 100 ms to calculate time-to-collision and trigger alerts via LCD displays if risks are detected. Experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid LiFi-WiFi system significantly improved data transmission efficiency and reduced delay compared to standalone wireless systems. LiFi provided reliable communication at short ranges (10–30 cm) with 95% reliability at 10–20 cm, though it was sensitive to ambient light. WiFi offered a range of up to 10 meters with 98% reliability and was unaffected by light conditions. The system achieved a response time of approximately 23.3 ms for a 4-meter distance measurement, ensuring alerts were displayed within a 100 ms cycle. The integration allowed for nearly 100% communication reliability by leveraging LiFi’s low latency for close-range collisions and WiFi’s robustness for longer-range or non-line-of-sight scenarios. The study concludes that combining LiFi and WiFi creates a robust V2V communication system capable of real-time data exchange with reduced latency and enhanced reliability, offering a promising approach for accident prevention. The findings suggest that hybrid wireless technologies can effectively mitigate the limitations of single-mode systems. The authors recommend future work focus on real-world deployment, optimization under varying weather and traffic conditions, and integration with artificial intelligence or 5G frameworks to further advance intelligent transportation solutions.

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• v2x connected vehicle