Road Accidents Management and Emergency Medicine Care.

Lenjani, Basri; Rashiti, Premtim; Lenjani, Dardan; Borovci, Petrit; Arslani, Nuhi; Dogjani, Agron · 2019 · Crossref

DOI: 10.32391/ajtes.v3i1.25

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Summary

This study investigates the management of road accident victims and the provision of emergency medical care in Kosovo, aiming to reduce morbidity, mortality, and invalidity while improving the quality of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The research addresses the significant burden of traffic injuries, noting that while traffic accidents account for a small percentage of total incidents, they cause substantial human and economic damage. The authors seek to identify demographic patterns, causes, and care levels associated with traffic injuries to inform better emergency response strategies. The methodology involved a retrospective analysis of archival data from the Emergency Clinic of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo (UCCK) in Pristina. The study sample comprised 5,150 individuals injured in traffic accidents between January 2015 and October 2016. Data were collected regarding patient demographics (age, sex, residence), temporal factors (season, day, time of day), and specific causes of accidents, including alcohol and drug use, mobile phone usage, poor road quality, and driver fatigue. The study also assessed the level of emergency medical care received (low, optimal, or high) and the mode of transport to the hospital. The results indicate that the majority of victims were male (96.69%) and aged between 25 and 35 years (50.40%). Accidents occurred most frequently during the summer (46.74%) and in the evening (46.95%). Regarding causation, 53.39% of cases involved no reported health problems, while 28.54% were linked to illness, 12.74% to alcohol consumption, and 5.33% to drug use. Distraction-related causes included mobile phone use (15.16%), eating in the car (6.67%), and radio/CD player usage (6.25%). In terms of care, 51.96% of patients received optimal emergency medical care, 45.08% received low-level care, and only 2.96% received high-level care. Most patients were transported via private cars (61.32%) rather than autoambulances (38.68%). The authors conclude that EMS systems must be better equipped with medical staff, supplies, and ambulances to provide basic and advanced trauma care at the scene and during transport. They advocate for mandatory basic and advanced trauma training for emergency professionals and the inclusion of first aid as a compulsory subject in schools and universities. Additionally, the paper recommends stricter medical assessments for driver licensing, particularly for individuals with conditions like epilepsy or heart disease, and proposes financial penalties for drivers under the influence to cover emergency service costs. The study highlights the need for a coordinated, multi-sectoral approach to road safety and notes the current lack of a fully operational emergency preparedness system in Kosovo.

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• post crash care delays