Comparison of pollutant emission associated with the operation of passenger cars with internal combustion engines and passenger cars with electric motors

Bebkiewicz, Katarzyna; Chłopek, Zdzisław; Sar, Hubert; Szczepański, Krystian · 2021 · Crossref

DOI: 10.1007/s40095-021-00382-4

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Summary

The provided text is the Technical Support Document for the 2017 National Emissions Inventory (NEI), released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in April 2020. This document does not address the specific research question of comparing pollutant emissions between passenger cars with internal combustion engines and electric motors, as suggested by the paper title. Instead, it serves as a comprehensive regulatory and methodological guide for the 2017 NEI, a national inventory of air pollutant emissions. The document outlines the data included in the inventory, the construction methods, and the specific methodologies used to estimate emissions from various source categories, including point sources, nonpoint sources, nonroad equipment, onroad mobile sources, and wild and prescribed fires. The NEI is constructed using data from multiple sources, including the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), state and local submissions, and EPA-developed models. For point sources, the inventory utilizes a selection hierarchy of data sets, incorporating TRI data for hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and applying specific augmentation methods for particulate matter (PM) and chromium speciation. Nonpoint sources are estimated using revised nonpoint surveys and new "Wagon Wheel" input templates, with specific methodologies developed for sectors such as agriculture (crops, livestock, dust), biogenics, gasoline distribution, commercial cooking, and various dust sources (construction, paved/unpaved roads). The document details the use of the MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulation) model for onroad mobile sources, integrating 2017 vehicle populations, fleet characteristics, and speed distributions to calculate emissions for the continental United States. Additionally, it describes the methodology for estimating emissions from wild and prescribed fires using the National Fire Information Data and SmartFire2 locations. The document highlights updates from the February 2020 version, including differences in approaches and emission levels compared to the 2014 NEI. It provides specific data on top sources of key pollutants, such as criteria air pollutants (CAPs) and HAPs, and discusses the representation of tribal data and regions. The inventory also addresses mercury emissions, detailing trends from 1990 through 2017. The significance of this document lies in its role as the foundational dataset for air quality planning, regulatory analysis, and environmental modeling in the United States. It provides the technical basis for understanding national emission trends and supports the EPA’s efforts to assess air quality and develop strategies to reduce pollution. The document is intended for a wide audience, including regulators, researchers, and the public, and includes caveats regarding the appropriate use of the data.

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