What Trucking Deregulation Did for Florida's Produce and Ornamentals

Beilock, Richard · 1969 · Crossref

DOI: 10.32473/edis-fe544-2005

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Summary

This report examines the indirect economic benefits of U.S. interstate trucking deregulation on Florida’s produce and ornamentals industries. Although these specific commodities were never subject to federal economic regulation, the industry relied heavily on motor carriers that transported regulated goods. The study addresses how the removal of federal restrictions on rates and entry for regulated cargoes impacted the availability of inbound freight loads for trucks entering Florida, thereby influencing freight costs for agricultural exports. The analysis is based on a 2001/2002 Driver Survey conducted at Florida Agricultural Inspection Stations along U.S. Interstates 10, 75, and 95. Researchers interviewed drivers of 1,642 refrigerated tractor-trailers exiting the Florida Peninsula. The sample was geographically diverse, including drivers from all 48 contiguous U.S. states and eight Canadian provinces, with trip distances ranging from 100 to 3,347 miles (averaging 1,222 miles). This data allowed for an assessment of long-distance haulage patterns and the prevalence of empty backhauls. The findings reveal a dramatic reduction in the percentage of trucks entering Florida empty following deregulation. In the early 1980s, at the end of the regulatory era, just over one-third of truckers arriving for produce or ornamentals could not secure an inbound load. This inefficiency was driven by federal regulations that restricted carriers’ ability to haul certain inbound cargoes; for instance, only about one-fifth of owner-operators possessed the necessary federal permits (Operating Authority) to transport regulated commodities. Consequently, carriers had to cover the costs of empty movements through higher freight rates for Florida produce, reducing net returns for agriculturalists. By the time of the 2001/2002 survey, the proportion of empty trucks had fallen to one in twenty. The report concludes that this increased efficiency in load matching significantly lowered freight rates for Florida produce and ornamentals, demonstrating a positive structural change in the motor carrier industry resulting from deregulation.

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