The Effect of Confidence Rating on a Primary Visual Task

Bonder, Taly; Gopher, Daniel · 2019 · Frontiers in Psychology

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02674

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Summary

This study investigates whether metacognitive confidence rating influences performance in a primary visual acuity task, specifically the Landolt gap discrimination task. While prior research has established that exogenous attention and high-level cognitive processes affect perception, the mechanisms by which endogenous metacognitive monitoring impacts early visual processing remain unclear. The authors hypothesized that integrating confidence rating during the initial "task formation" stage would create an enriched internal representation of the task, thereby improving subsequent performance through enhanced executive control and monitoring strategies. The experimental design involved 44 undergraduate participants divided into three groups: a Confidence Rating group, a Time Delay control group, and a Standard Task control group. All groups performed a cued Landolt gap task, where they identified the location of a gap in a square presented briefly in the peripheral visual field. During the practice phase (200 trials), the Confidence Rating group rated their confidence on a 0–100 scale after each response. The Time Delay group received a 1500 ms break after each trial, matching the average rating time of the Confidence Rating group, to control for temporal delays. The Standard Task group performed the task without interruptions. Following practice, all groups completed 400 identical test trials under standard conditions without confidence ratings. Performance was measured by accuracy and response times for both correct and error trials. The results demonstrated that the Confidence Rating group developed efficient monitoring abilities during practice, evidenced by a significant correlation between accuracy and confidence ratings. In the test phase, this group achieved significantly higher accuracy than both control groups, without a corresponding increase in response time for correct answers, indicating no speed-accuracy tradeoff. Notably, the Confidence Rating group exhibited significantly slower response times for errors compared to controls, suggesting a deliberate prolongation of processing for difficult trials. Furthermore, the Confidence Rating group showed a significant interaction in learning efficiency, continuing to improve reaction times after the initial practice period, whereas control groups plateaued. This group also displayed a larger differentiation in response times between correct and error trials, reflecting superior ability to subjectively discriminate trial difficulty. These findings indicate that metacognitive confidence rating during task formation positively affects later performance in primary visual tasks. The study suggests that confidence rating facilitates the development of specific processing and response strategies, enhancing executive control and monitoring capabilities. This "positive reactivity" implies that even in low-level perceptual tasks, the act of evaluating one’s own performance can shape cognitive strategies, leading to improved accuracy and adaptive processing speeds. The results challenge the notion that visual acuity tasks reach a performance ceiling quickly and highlight the role of metacognition in optimizing perceptual processing.

Key finding

Participants who rated their confidence during practice trials performed more accurately and showed enhanced learning efficiency in subsequent test trials compared to control groups.

Methodology

lab_experiment

Sample size: 44

Provenance

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