Epidemiology Of Pelvic Ring Fractures and Injuries: A Retrospective Study

Efendiyeva, Elnara; Messova, Assylzhan; Myssayev, Ayan; Tlemissov, Aidos; Muratoglu, Murat; Zhunussov, Yersin · 2021 · Crossref

DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6876

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Summary

This retrospective study investigates the epidemiology of pelvic ring fractures and associated injuries at a Level 1 trauma center in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Motivated by the high mortality and morbidity risks associated with pelvic fractures, despite their relatively low incidence, the research aims to characterize the demographic profiles, injury mechanisms, treatment patterns, and outcomes of patients admitted with these injuries. The study addresses a gap in regional data, as there is no unified trauma registry in Kazakhstan to facilitate such retrospective analyses. The methodology involved a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of 212 patients treated for pelvic fractures between January 2014 and December 2017. Data were extracted from inpatient medical records, capturing variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, injury mechanism, anatomical location, Tile/AO classification, concomitant injuries, and treatment outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and non-parametric tests to compare groups. The study population consisted predominantly of males (58%) and individuals of Asian ethnicity (84.4%), with a mean age of 34.5 years. Key findings indicate that road traffic injuries (59.8%) and falls from heights (35.4%) were the primary mechanisms of injury, with urban areas being the most common location. A significant majority of patients (92%) suffered concomitant injuries, most frequently involving the head, chest, limbs, and internal organs. Regarding fracture classification, Type B fractures were the most prevalent (43.4%), followed by Type A (41.0%) and Type C (15.6%). Treatment approaches favored non-surgical management (62.3%), while external fixation was used as an emergency intervention in 64.2% of cases. The average hospital stay was 18.71 days. Crucially, while Type B fractures showed the highest recovery rates, Type C fractures were associated with the highest mortality. The overall mortality rate for the cohort was 7.1%, with fatal outcomes significantly linked to Type C injuries and the absence of surgical treatment. The study concludes that pelvic fractures in this population are predominantly high-energy injuries affecting young males, often resulting in multiple system trauma. The findings highlight the prognostic severity of Type C fractures and the importance of emergency stabilization. The authors emphasize the need for improved traffic safety and construction regulations to reduce incidence. Furthermore, they advocate for the establishment of a unified national trauma registry in Kazakhstan to enable more comprehensive future epidemiological studies and improve trauma care standards.

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• incidence prevalence