SOUND ABSORBING COMPLEX AS PROTECTION AGAINST TRANSPORT NOISE

Fedorov, Volodymyr; Korpach, Oleksii; Yashchenko, Dmytro; Bosenko, Volodymyr · 2025 · Crossref

DOI: 10.33744/0365-8171-2025-117.1-171-177

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Summary

This paper addresses the challenge of mitigating traffic noise pollution along highways while overcoming the structural limitations of existing noise protection structures (NPS). Traffic noise, generated by vehicle flows rather than individual cars, significantly impacts residents living near roadways. While acoustic screens are a widely adopted solution due to their space efficiency, they face a critical engineering trade-off: high wind resistance (sail area) necessitates bulky, expensive foundations to withstand wind loads. The authors aim to improve existing acoustic screens by reducing their aerodynamic drag without compromising their sound-absorbing and sound-insulating properties. The study proposes a novel "sound absorbing complex" (SAC) design, detailed through technical drawings and referenced patents. Unlike traditional solid screens, the SAC consists of multiple parallel surfaces formed by sets of sound-absorbing plates arranged with specific vertical and horizontal spacing. These plates are mounted on supports and connected by fastening elements. Crucially, the surfaces are positioned so that the mutual projection of any pair forms a continuous surface from a distance, maintaining acoustic integrity. Each plate comprises a rigid base covered with sound-absorbing material, such as glass wool. The design allows air currents to pass through the gaps between plates, significantly reducing wind resistance, while sound waves entering through these openings are absorbed by the plates, reflected at least once, and exit as attenuated waves. The number of surfaces is determined theoretically based on the optimality criterion of acoustic efficiency versus aerodynamic drag. The findings indicate that the proposed SAC successfully decouples wind resistance from acoustic performance. By allowing air to pass through the structure, the complex exhibits substantially lower aerodynamic drag compared to solid constructions of equivalent area. This reduction in wind load allows for lighter, less expensive foundations. Simultaneously, the arrangement ensures that sound waves are effectively absorbed and attenuated, preserving the high acoustic efficiency required for noise protection. The design is described as having significant novelty and utility, offering a robust solution that is resistant to atmospheric factors while maintaining aesthetic and functional requirements. The significance of this work lies in its potential to lower the cost and complexity of highway noise mitigation infrastructure. By reducing the need for massive foundations, the SAC offers a more economical and transportable solution for noise protection. This innovation supports the broader goal of improving environmental quality and the living conditions of residents in areas adjacent to major transport arteries, providing a practical engineering advancement in the field of environmental protection technology.

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• auditory