Traffic injury as a medical and sanitary consequence of a man-made emergency in Ukraine. Report one: clinical and epidemiological characteristics

Guryev, S.O.; Kushnir, V.A.; Kushnir, H.P. · 2023 · DOAJ

DOI: 10.22141/2224-0586.19.5.2023.1613

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Summary

This study addresses the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of traffic injuries in Ukraine, framing them as a medical and sanitary consequence of man-made emergencies. Despite ongoing conflict, road traffic accidents remain a leading cause of mortality in the country. The research aims to establish a comprehensive profile of these injuries to support the development of prevention and response strategies, noting a gap in existing literature regarding the specific medico-sanitary impacts of traffic accidents as classified emergencies in Ukraine. The researchers analyzed a sample of 1,696 victims selected via random sampling from a larger pool of 21,000 cases, ensuring proportional representation across typical Ukrainian territories, including cities with over one million residents, regional centers, and rural areas. The study excluded railway and two-wheeled vehicle injuries due to their distinct trauma mechanisms and low prevalence. Methodologies included epidemiological natural modeling, fractal analysis, clinical standardization using the New Injury Severity Score (NISS), and statistical verification using polychoric analysis and Pearson’s chi-square tests. Key findings reveal that males constitute 66.86% of victims, twice the proportion of females, yet females exhibit a higher survival rate (91.99%) compared to males (88.71%). The majority of victims (63.33%) are of working age (21–50 years). Survival rates are highest in the 21–30 age group (93.81%) and lowest in those over 71 (75.27%). Pedestrians represent the largest victim group (nearly 40%), followed by drivers (35.49%) and passengers (24.65%). Pedestrians also face the highest mortality risk, accounting for 63.01% of all deaths, with male pedestrians showing a lethality rate of 18.16% compared to 12.75% for females. Statistical analysis confirmed significant associations between age, gender, role in traffic, and fatal outcomes, with age exerting the strongest influence on lethality for victims over 50. The study concludes that traffic injury is a significant medico-social problem in Ukraine, disproportionately affecting the productive workforce. The clinical-epidemiological profile differs from global averages, characterized by a higher proportion of male victims and a greater share of pedestrians among the injured and deceased. These discrepancies are attributed to local infrastructure deficiencies and socioeconomic factors limiting the mobility of older populations. The authors identify age, gender, and traffic role as verified risk factors for negative outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted risk verification and preventive measures tailored to these specific demographic vulnerabilities.

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Topics

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• demographic disparities
• fatality injury trends
• incidence prevalence

Information type

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• Empirical Findings: crash risk outcomes