Retraction Note: Environmental factors affecting the frequency of road traffic accidents: a case study of sub-urban area of Pakistan
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33079-2
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Summary
This document is a retraction note published in *Environmental Science and Pollution Research* in 2024, addressing the withdrawal of a previously published article titled "Environmental factors affecting the frequency of road traffic accidents: a case study of sub-urban area of Pakistan." The original article, authored by Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Muhammad Ashraf, Farhat Abbas, Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Saeed A. Qaisrani, Muhammad Mubeen, Shah Fahad, and Muhammad Awais, was initially published in 2019 (Volume 26, pages 11674-11685). The retraction was executed by the publisher, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, in agreement with the journal’s Editor-in-Chief. The decision to retract the article followed an investigation conducted by the publisher, which identified significant integrity issues across a number of articles, including this specific case. The investigation uncovered several concerns that compromised the validity of the publication. These issues included a compromised peer review process, the inclusion of inappropriate or irrelevant references, the presence of non-standard phrases, and content that fell outside the scope of the journal. Due to these findings, the publisher and the Editor-in-Chief concluded that they could no longer have confidence in the results and conclusions presented in the original article. Consequently, the article was formally retracted to maintain the integrity of the scientific record. The retraction note also details the responses of the authors to the publisher’s actions. Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Hafiz Bakhat, and Muhammad Mubeen explicitly disagreed with the retraction. In contrast, the remaining authors—Muhammad Ashraf, Farhat Abbas, Saeed A. Qaisrani, Shah Fahad, and Muhammad Awais—did not reply to correspondence from the publisher regarding the matter. The note serves as an official record of the retraction, ensuring that the scientific community is aware that the original findings should not be cited or relied upon. The original article remains accessible online via its DOI (10.1007/s11356-019-04752-8) for reference, but it is clearly marked as retracted. This action underscores the publisher’s commitment to addressing ethical violations and maintaining rigorous standards in academic publishing.
Provenance
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 15 | 2026-08-23 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| enrich | failed | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| summarize | skipped | llm | qwen3.8-27b-gittensor | summ-v5 | 14 | 2026-08-23 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 10 | 2026-08-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 2 | 2026-08-08 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-nvidia on 2026-08-07; verification: verified.
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