The Effect of Eye-Feedback Training on Orienting Attention in Young Adults With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo

Kim, Kiho; Lee, Youna; Lee, Jang-Han · 2020 · DOAJ

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00184

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Summary

This study investigates the efficacy of eye-feedback training on orienting attention in young adults with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT), a condition characterized by behavioral slowness, daydreaming, and difficulties in initiating effort. While SCT is distinct from ADHD, it is associated with poor efficiency in the orienting attention network. The researchers aimed to determine whether repeated attention training using real-time eye-gaze feedback could enhance the efficiency of engaging and disengaging attention, addressing a gap in interventions targeting specific attentional networks in SCT. The study employed a randomized controlled design with 38 young adults diagnosed with SCT-only symptoms, divided into an eye-feedback group (N=19) and a control group (N=19). Participants underwent three training sessions using a modified Posner spatial cueing task implemented as a game. The eye-feedback group received constant real-time visual and auditory feedback based on their eye-movement speed and accuracy, guiding them to quickly engage and disengage attention. The control group performed the same task without feedback. Attention was measured via two methods: overt attention (eye-movement latency recorded by an eye-tracker) and covert attention (reaction times on the Revised Attention Network Test, ANT-R). Assessments were conducted at baseline and after each of the three intervention visits. Results indicated that the eye-feedback group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in overt attention compared to the control group. Specifically, the eye-feedback group showed reduced latency in both engaging attention (fixating on valid cues) and disengaging attention (shifting from invalid cues) across the training sessions. In terms of covert attention, the eye-feedback group exhibited a significant increase in the efficiency of the orienting network specifically related to disengaging attention, as measured by the ANT-R. No significant differences were found between groups in alerting or executive control networks. The findings suggest that real-time eye-gaze feedback effectively enhances the speed and accuracy of orienting attention mechanisms. The study concludes that eye-feedback training is a meaningful intervention for improving attentional efficiency in individuals with SCT. By targeting the orienting network through adaptive, feedback-driven practice, the training successfully improved both overt eye-movement control and covert attentional disengagement. These results support the potential of oculomotor-based interventions for clinical populations with attentional deficits, offering a non-pharmacological approach to mitigate SCT symptoms related to sluggishness and poor attentional shifting.

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