Two decades of nonfatal injury data: a scoping review of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, 2001–2021

Navon, Livia; Chen, Li Hui; Cowhig, Mary; Wolkin, Amy Funk · 2023 · Crossref

DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00455-4

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Summary

This scoping review examines the utilization of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for nonfatal injury surveillance in the United States from 2001 to 2021. Injury is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, necessitating robust surveillance systems to guide prevention efforts. NEISS-AIP, launched jointly by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2000, provides national estimates of emergency department (ED) visits for all-cause nonfatal injuries. The study aimed to characterize how peer-reviewed literature has used this dataset, identify the types of researchers and topics studied, and highlight the limitations of the data for injury surveillance. The authors conducted a systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. They identified 6,944 citations, of which 594 were manually reviewed, resulting in the inclusion of 167 non-duplicate journal articles that used NEISS-AIP as a primary data source. Key characteristics were abstracted, including author affiliation, study population, injury mechanisms, and cited limitations. The review covered articles published between 2001 and 2021, with citation data retrieved in July 2022. The analysis revealed that an average of 8.0 articles per year were published using NEISS-AIP data. While CDC-affiliated authors dominated early publications, non-CDC authors, primarily from universities and academic medical institutions, became the majority of publishers starting in 2013. Articles appeared in 72 different journals, with the CDC’s *Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report* hosting the most articles (n=37). The pediatric population was the most frequently studied specific age group (n=48), followed by older adults (n=23). Falls (n=20) and motor-vehicle-related injuries (n=10) were the most common mechanisms examined. Most studies (72%) utilized more than one year of data to ensure stable estimates. The most frequently cited limitation was that NEISS-AIP provides only national estimates, precluding state- or county-level surveillance (n=38). Other limitations included incomplete data on protective factors (n=35) and prior restrictions on capturing multiple diagnoses or body parts per visit (n=32). The study concludes that NEISS-AIP has significantly contributed to US injury surveillance, providing epidemiologic data that inform policymakers and public health officials. The increasing use of the dataset by non-CDC researchers demonstrates its utility for external academic inquiry. The authors encourage continued use of this publicly available dataset, noting that CDC and CPSC are working to enhance data collection, such as adding variables for secondary injuries. The review underscores the value of combining NEISS-AIP data with other sources, such as mortality or cost data, to provide a comprehensive view of injury burden.

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Topics

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• incidence prevalence
• fatality injury trends

Information type

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• Empirical Findings: crash risk outcomes
• Methodological Resource: dataset resource