Analysis of traffic patterns between Karkh and Rusafa
DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202563307005
archive: archived pipeline: cataloged verified
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Summary
This study addresses severe traffic congestion on the bridges connecting Karkh (west) and Rusafa (east) across the Tigris River in Baghdad, Iraq. Rapid urbanization and population growth have outpaced infrastructure development, leading to significant mobility difficulties during peak hours. The research aims to evaluate the operational conditions of the existing 13 bridges and assess the potential impact of adding two new bridges on accessibility and travel time. The methodology involved a comprehensive traffic survey and network analysis. Traffic volume data were collected via surveillance cameras during morning (7:30–8:30 AM) and afternoon (1:30–2:30 PM) peak hours on workdays. Vehicles were classified into passenger cars, buses, and trucks, with the latter two converted to passenger car units (PCU) using a factor of 1.5. The study evaluated the Level of Service (LOS) for each bridge using the volume-to-capacity (V/C) ratio. Additionally, ArcGIS software was used to model the road network, dividing Baghdad into 15 Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ). This model simulated the impact of two proposed new bridges—one in central Baghdad (Abu Nawas) and one in the south (Gaza)—by calculating optimal paths and travel times between origin and destination zones. The results indicate that most existing bridges operate at Level of Service F, where the V/C ratio exceeds 1.0, signifying breakdown flow and severe congestion. During the morning peak, traffic flows heavily from Karkh to Rusafa (35,673 pcu/h), driven by trips to educational, governmental, and commercial centers in the east. Conversely, the afternoon peak sees higher volumes from Rusafa to Karkh (37,111 pcu/h) as commuters return home. The GIS analysis revealed that implementing the two new bridges would reduce average travel times, particularly in southern Baghdad. Travel time savings ranged from 5 to 9 minutes for southern zones during peak hours. The new infrastructure was found to alleviate congestion on major existing bridges, including Al-Jumhuriyah, Al-Jadriya, 14 July, Two Stories, and Al-Dawra. The study concludes that the current bridge capacity is insufficient to meet demand, resulting in slow speeds and long queues. Adding the two new bridges is a viable solution to improve network efficiency and reduce travel times between the two sides of the city. The findings provide transportation authorities with evidence-based recommendations for infrastructure development to mitigate congestion and enhance urban mobility in Baghdad.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-20 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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