Literature Survey of Tire Technology for Environmental Protection and Safety Improvement

Ishihama, Masao · 2025 · DOAJ

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20485/jsaeijae.16.1_18

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Summary

This review article surveys the state of tire technology research focused on balancing three critical performance metrics: road noise (radiated and interior), rolling resistance, and wet grip. The study is motivated by international government policies aimed at reducing noise pollution, improving fuel efficiency to combat global warming, and enhancing safety by reducing traffic accidents caused by slippage. The author highlights that these three factors involve inherent trade-offs and that the physical generation processes for these performances are not yet fully understood, leading to a lack of established control methods. To address this, the author conducted a comprehensive literature survey of publications from roughly 2000 to the present, sourced from automotive, tribology, and acoustics journals and proceedings. The survey categorizes collected literature into seven stages of the development process: problem definition, experimental methods, qualitative modeling, quantitative modeling, performance prediction, design methods, and evaluation methods. The analysis excludes papers based on fundamental misunderstandings, such as incorrect coordinate systems or misconceptions regarding excitation inputs. Statistical analysis of the literature reveals that publications on radiated noise are nearly twice as numerous as those on rolling resistance or wet grip. Research activity has increased steadily since 2000, with rolling resistance studies rising sharply after 2005 and wet grip studies increasing after 2010. The majority of research is conducted by universities, followed by public research institutes and tire manufacturers, with significant contributions from Japan, France, Italy, and the United States. The review finds that the field is currently dominated by qualitative and quantitative modeling, with fewer mature technologies available for performance prediction and integrated design. Specific findings include the identification of road noise sound quality factors ("power" and "softness"), the use of tire cavity acoustic pressure as a metric independent of vehicle structure, and the development of advanced measurement techniques such as optical strain sensors and sampling Moiré methods. In terms of modeling, the paper highlights the use of finite element models, wave guide finite elements, and hybrid models to simulate tire-pavement interactions. For rolling resistance, the review notes advancements in correcting measurement errors based on temperature and viscoelastic characteristics, as well as design strategies involving tread hardness and belt angle to manage trade-offs with driving dynamics. The significance of this survey lies in its identification of the current maturity levels of tire technology research. It concludes that while significant progress has been made in understanding phenomena through modeling, the industry is still in the early to mid-stages of developing mature technologies for performance prediction and balanced design. The review serves as a consolidated resource for researchers, highlighting gaps in knowledge and pointing toward the need for integrated technological development that can effectively balance noise, fuel efficiency, and safety. By summarizing global research trends and methodologies, the paper provides a foundation for future efforts to resolve the complex trade-offs inherent in tire performance optimization.

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• road surface friction