Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII): Exploring the Application of Disruptive Technology to Assist Older Drivers

Ni, Daiheng; Collura, John; Tessier, Russell; Pishro-Nik, Hossein · 2012 · ROSA P / New England University Transportation Center

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Summary

This report evaluates the Universal Geocast Scheme (UGS) for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), addressing the need for revised wireless protocols to support the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Connected Vehicle system. Traditional protocols like IEEE 802.11 are insufficient for the high frequency and volume of periodic safety messages required in dense traffic environments. The study aims to validate UGS, a protocol designed to transmit these messages without traditional handshaking, by combining multi-hop and single-hop transmissions to optimize performance in both urban and highway settings. The research employed a simulation-based experimental design using a modified NS-2 network simulator integrated with the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) tool for vehicle motion modeling. Signal propagation was modeled using the University of Kangaku model to account for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) attenuation. Two scenarios were tested: a four-lane highway with LOS conditions and an urban four-way intersection with roadside equipment (RSE) and building obstructions. UGS was compared against the Asynchronous Fixed Repetition with Carrier Sensing (AFR-CS) protocol developed by the UC Berkeley PATH group. Key performance metrics included reception ratio and delay. UGS operates by scheduling transmissions based on probabilistic factors, including distance to target and remaining packet lifespan. It dynamically adjusts transmission power and employs an exponential backoff mechanism that increases retransmission wait times based on vehicular density and prior transmission counts. In intersection scenarios, vehicles with LOS to multiple roads act as multi-hop forwarders, prioritizing packets by retransmission count and useful lifetime. The simulations demonstrated that UGS significantly outperforms the AFR-CS protocol. Specifically, UGS achieved a 6% improvement in reception ratio in intersection simulations and a 2.6% improvement in highway simulations. More notably, it reduced delay by 82% in intersection scenarios and by 90% in highway scenarios compared to the PATH approach. The findings conclude that UGS is a viable candidate for inter-vehicle communication of periodic safety messages, effectively balancing efficiency in open roads with reliability in obstructed urban environments. The study highlights the protocol's ability to mitigate congestion through probabilistic backoff and strategic multi-hop forwarding. Future work involves transitioning from simulation to real-world experimentation, including the installation of transceivers on vehicles for data collection and the implementation of UGS on FPGA hardware to facilitate practical deployment and further validation.

Key finding

In simulation the Universal Geocast Scheme improved message reception ratio by 6 percent at intersections and cut transmission delay by 82 percent at intersections and 90 percent on highways versus the PATH AFR-CS protocol.

Methodology

simulation_modeling

Provenance

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Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-10; verification: verified.

Topics

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• v2x connected vehicle