Stroke among male professional drivers in Denmark, 1994–2003
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Summary
This study investigates the relative risk of stroke among male professional drivers in Denmark, aiming to determine if excess risk is attributable to cerebral infarction or intracranial hemorrhage and to compare risks between drivers in Greater Copenhagen and those in rural areas. The research was motivated by prior evidence linking professional driving to ischemic heart disease and limited previous data on stroke, particularly regarding the distinction between infarction and hemorrhage. The researchers conducted a cohort study following 36,368 male professional drivers—comprising 6,285 bus drivers, 4,204 car, taxi, and van drivers, and 25,879 heavy truck and lorry drivers—from 1994 to 2003. Participants were identified via the national census and civil registration system, with exposure defined by occupation in 1993. The study tracked hospital admissions for stroke (ICD-10 codes I60–I64), non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (I60–I62), and cerebral infarction (I63). Standardized hospitalization ratios (SHR) were calculated using all economically active men in Denmark as the reference population, adjusting for age and county. Results indicated a significantly elevated risk of stroke across all driver groups, with an overall SHR of 132 (95% CI 121–141). Car, taxi, and van drivers exhibited the highest risk (SHR 157; 95% CI 132–189), followed by bus drivers (SHR 139; 95% CI 119–163) and heavy truck/lorry drivers (SHR 124; 95% CI 113–136). The excess risk was primarily driven by cerebrovascular infarction (SHR 139; 95% CI 124–155) rather than non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (SHR 113; 95% CI 96–133). Drivers carrying passengers faced a significantly higher risk than those transporting goods (relative risk ratio 1.28; 95% CI 1.03–1.57). While drivers in Greater Copenhagen showed a non-significant trend toward higher stroke risk compared to rural drivers (RRR 1.13; 95% CI 0.94–1.36), the difference did not reach statistical significance. The authors conclude that professional driving is associated with an increased risk of stroke, predominantly due to cerebral infarction. This pattern suggests that atherosclerotic changes, likely induced by hypertension and psychosocial stress, are the primary mechanisms rather than acute hypertensive events causing hemorrhage. The higher risk among passenger-carrying drivers points to customer-related stress as a contributing factor. The study implies that interventions should focus on reducing work stress, limiting driving hours, and monitoring hypertension to mitigate cardiovascular risks in this occupational group.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | OpenAlex-citations | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| archive | success | semantic_scholar | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-20 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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