Rotational Drive-Versus-Quality and Video Compression-Versus-Delay Analysis for Multi-Channel Video Streaming System on Ground Combat Vehicles

Yun, Jihyeok; Cho, Younggeol; Chang, HyeMin · 2021 · Crossref

DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2021.24.1.031

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Summary

This study addresses the transition from analog to digital, network-based multi-channel video streaming systems for ground combat vehicles. While analog interfaces are limited in scalability and channel flexibility, digital systems introduce challenges regarding video quality degradation and latency due to encoding and compression. The authors aim to design a scalable system based on Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) standards that adapts to varying operational requirements for quality and delay. Specifically, the research analyzes the trade-offs between video quality and the rotational speed of acquisition devices (sights), as well as the relationship between video compression rates and Glass-to-Glass (G2G) delay. The researchers emulated a multi-channel streaming system using H.264 (AVC) compression standards over a Gigabit Ethernet network. The experimental setup included simulated sighting devices capturing Full High-Definition (FHD) video at 30 FPS and display units receiving streams via IP multicast. Video quality was evaluated using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Map (SSIM). To assess the impact of motion, the acquisition device was rotated at speeds ranging from 0.5 to 15 degrees per second, using video sequences with varying complexity (static vs. moving subjects). G2G delay was measured under both multicast and unicast transmission conditions to isolate network traffic effects from processing latency. The results indicate that video quality is highly sensitive to the rotational speed of the acquisition device. At low rotation speeds, global motion vectors cause quality degradation unless bitrates are increased. At high rotation speeds, the motion resembles scene changes, causing severe quality drops even at high bitrates because the H.264 encoder relies on inter-frame prediction (P-frames) rather than intra-frame (I-frames). PSNR proved effective for detecting quality trends at low speeds, while SSIM was better suited for identifying quality thresholds at high speeds. Regarding latency, G2G delay increased linearly with bitrate, primarily due to the computational load of decoding and rendering on the display units, rather than network congestion. The transmission method (multicast vs. unicast) had negligible impact on delay when bandwidth was sufficient. The study concludes that future combat vehicle systems must incorporate adaptive bitrate control and the ability to switch to uncompressed video streams during high-motion events to maintain quality. Furthermore, as higher bitrates increase processing latency, display hardware must be upgraded to handle the computational load. The findings provide design guidelines for modular, network-based video systems that balance scalability with the strict real-time performance requirements of military fire control systems.

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