Optimization Of a Smart GPS Tracker System to Measure Truck Speed Performance

Yuniar, Dewi; Yulfadli, Zony; Alnakhli, Mohammad · 2025 · Crossref

DOI: 10.30829/zero.v9i1.24660

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Summary

This study addresses the optimization of coal transportation logistics in Indonesia by evaluating the speed performance and travel time of trucks using smart GPS technology. Coal is a critical export commodity for the Indonesian economy, yet efficient distribution is hindered by challenging mining road conditions, driver behavior, and limited access to operational data due to closed corporate policies. The research aims to provide a reliable evaluation tool for companies to streamline distribution cycles from stockpiles to ports, focusing on a specific 93.89 km route in the Angsana District of South Borneo. The methodology employed a quantitative survey approach over a one-month period in July 2024. Researchers installed GPS trackers on three Hino 500 FM 260 Ti trucks transporting coal from the stockpile to the Bunati port. Data collection utilized Smart GPS v 3.3 software, which monitored real-time position, direction, and speed. The system exported data via Keyhole Markup Language (KML) for visualization in Google Earth Pro and further analysis in Microsoft Excel. The study analyzed speed variations, travel durations, and the impact of load status (loaded vs. empty) and time of day (morning/afternoon vs. night) on performance. The results indicate significant differences in performance based on load and time. The average monthly speed for loaded trucks was 31 km/h, compared to 57 km/h for empty trucks. Correspondingly, the average travel time for a loaded truck was 3 hours, 5 minutes, and 36 seconds, while empty trucks completed the route in 2 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds. Time-of-day analysis revealed that morning and afternoon travel was faster for loaded trucks (2:50:49) than night travel (3:31:28), attributed to better lighting and reduced driver fatigue. Weather conditions also affected speed, with loaded trucks averaging 23 km/h in rain versus 35 km/h in dry conditions. The study notes that current speeds often fall below the standard safety limits of 40 km/h for loaded and 60 km/h for empty trucks. The significance of this research lies in demonstrating the efficacy of Smart GPS v 3.3 as a tool for monitoring and optimizing freight performance in difficult-to-access mining areas. The findings suggest that operational efficiency can be improved by scheduling distributions during daylight hours to mitigate issues related to poor lighting and driver fatigue. The study concludes that integrating GPS tracking allows for precise evaluation of travel behavior, offering a pathway for companies to enhance reliability and safety in coal transport logistics. Future research is recommended to expand the sample size and incorporate driver performance questionnaires to further understand the relationship between human factors and vehicle efficiency.

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• speed choice