Grid Integration and Impact Analysis of High-Power Dynamic Wireless Charging System in Distribution Network

Zeng, Rong; Galigekere, Veda Prakash; Onar, Omer C.; Ozpineci, Burak · 2021 · DOAJ

DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3049186

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Summary

This paper addresses the grid integration challenges posed by high-power dynamic wireless charging systems (DWCS) for electric vehicles. While DWCS offers benefits such as reduced onboard battery size and extended driving range, its unique load profile—characterized by short charging windows and high-power pulsations dependent on vehicle speed and traffic volume—creates significant stress on distribution networks. Specifically, these pulsations and the inherent imbalance of distribution networks cause second-order voltage oscillations on the DC-bus, threatening system stability. The study aims to develop a robust control strategy for the grid interface converter and quantify the grid impact of DWCS integration. To address these issues, the authors propose a control strategy based on direct power control (DPC) for the grid-tied converter. Unlike conventional vector control, this approach directly regulates active and reactive power to enhance transient response. The strategy incorporates an active power feedforward loop based on wirelessly transferred power to improve dynamic performance and a proportional-integral-resonant (PIR) controller in the DC-voltage loop to suppress second-order harmonic ripples caused by network imbalance. For impact analysis, the researchers developed a 24-hour load profile using Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) data and a stochastic traffic model to simulate realistic vehicle distributions and speeds. This load profile was applied to a modified IEEE 13-bus distribution network to evaluate voltage profiles and power flow impacts. The results demonstrate that the proposed DPC-based control strategy effectively maintains DC-bus voltage stability despite the pulsating load demands of the DWCS. The inclusion of the PIR controller successfully mitigates second-order voltage oscillations, while the feedforward mechanism enhances the converter's response to rapid load changes. The case studies on the IEEE 13-bus network validate the effectiveness of the control scheme in handling the specific load characteristics of segmented DWCS. Furthermore, the analysis compares the grid impact of DWCS with and without energy storage integration, highlighting potential solutions for mitigating voltage deviations and power quality issues in distribution networks. The significance of this work lies in providing a comprehensive framework for integrating high-power DWCS into existing distribution infrastructure. By addressing the specific control challenges associated with pulsating loads and network imbalances, the study offers a viable technical solution for stable operation. The development of a realistic traffic-based load profile also contributes to more accurate assessment of grid impacts, supporting the broader adoption of dynamic wireless charging technology as a sustainable alternative to conventional gasoline vehicles and stationary charging methods.

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• v2x connected vehicle