46 Visuospatial Functions in Patients After COVID-19 Disease
DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723001285
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Summary
This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 infection on visuospatial functions in adults, a domain that has received limited attention compared to general cognitive decline, attention, and memory. The research was motivated by the prevalence of "brain fog" as a post-infection symptom and the scarcity of data regarding specific cognitive domains. Additionally, the study aimed to determine whether vaccination during the illness provides a protective effect against cognitive impairment. The study included sixty volunteers (mean age 40.12 years; 20 males, 40 females) divided into two groups: thirty-seven participants with a history of COVID-19 and twenty-three who had never been infected. Among those with a history of COVID-19, twenty-four were vaccinated at the time of disease, while thirteen were not. The groups did not differ demographically. Participants underwent neuropsychological testing to assess general cognitive functioning using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), attention via the d2 Test of Attention, memory through Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure delayed recall, and visuospatial functions using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure copy, WAIS-R Block Design, and three experimental tasks involving incomplete pictures, rotating puzzles, and counting cubes in a 3D tower. Results indicated that subjects with a history of COVID-19 achieved significantly lower scores on the MoCA test (p = 0.033) compared to those without infection. They also required more time to complete the mental rotation task (p = 0.04) and showed statistically significant differences in the d2 Test of Attention GP score (p = 0.001). Within the COVID-19 group, vaccinated individuals performed significantly better than unvaccinated subjects across multiple cognitive domains, including attention (d2 Test) and visuospatial functions (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure copy, Block Design, and experimental trials). The findings demonstrate that COVID-19 infection is associated with decreased general cognitive performance and specific impairments in visuospatial functions and attention. Crucially, the study concludes that vaccination significantly reduces the risk of cognitive impairment, suggesting a protective role for vaccination in mitigating post-infection cognitive deficits. These results highlight the importance of evaluating specific cognitive domains beyond general assessments and underscore the potential benefits of vaccination in preserving cognitive health following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-19 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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