Evaluation Approach for a Combined Implementation of Day 1 C-ITS and Truck Platooning

Agriesti, Serio; Gandini, Paolo; Marchionni, Giovanna; Paglino, Valeria; Ponti, Marco; Studer, Luca · 2018 · Crossref

DOI: 10.1109/vtcspring.2018.8417876

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Summary

This paper presents an evaluation methodology for the joint implementation of Truck Platooning and Day 1 Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) on European public roads, developed within the C-Roads Italy project. The research addresses the lack of a legal framework and empirical data for Truck Platooning, necessitating an ex-ante assessment to define likely operational modes and impacts. The authors aim to determine how C-ITS services can enhance the efficiency, safety, and environmental performance of platoons, particularly in complex scenarios like roadworks. The study employs a two-part approach: a comprehensive bibliographical review and the design of a structured evaluation framework. The literature review analyzes existing research on Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), focusing on string stability, aerodynamic benefits, fuel savings, and interactions with surrounding traffic. Key findings from the review indicate that platooning can reduce fuel consumption by 5–15% depending on vehicle position and conditions, with following vehicles benefiting more than leaders. However, challenges exist regarding platoon formation delays, cut-in maneuvers by other vehicles, and safety concerns due to reduced headways that exceed human reaction times. Based on this review, the authors developed an evaluation methodology structured around four impact areas: Traffic Efficiency, Safety, Environment, and User Acceptance. This framework utilizes "Research and Sub-Research Questions" to guide the assessment of joint impacts, referencing the FESTA Handbook for standardization. To demonstrate the methodology, the paper applies it to a specific use case: the Road Works Warning service. The analysis investigates whether advance warning information allows platoons to maintain formation or execute smoother lane changes before reaching bottlenecks. For Traffic Efficiency, the study questions whether early notification prevents platoon dissolution and reduces shockwave propagation. For Safety, it assesses if improved situation awareness leads to more homogeneous speeds and safer maneuvers. Environmental impacts are evaluated based on whether maintaining platoon formation through bottlenecks preserves fuel savings and reduces emissions. User Acceptance is examined through the lens of driver situation awareness and the clarity of Human-Machine Interface (HMI) messages for drivers in automated platoons. The significance of this work lies in providing a flexible, non-prescriptive framework for evaluating emerging automated transport systems. Since joint implementations are not yet widespread on public roads, the methodology serves as a guide for designing future field tests and modeling studies. It highlights that while numerical results for joint impacts are currently unavailable, the defined research questions and indicators allow evaluators to quantify benefits such as extended platoon duration and smoother traffic flow. The approach is adaptable to regional features and specific test conditions, offering a structured path for assessing the integration of C-ITS services with heavy vehicle automation.

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