following distance

The longitudinal gap kept behind the lead vehicle: time headway, distance headway, time-to-collision, and car-following spacing behavior. This is the spacing-to-lead-vehicle outcome, distinct from the absolute speed the driver picks (speed_choice) and from the braking action triggered when that gap closes (braking_response).

649 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Driver's Preferred Time Headway Selection: Experimental Findings ↗ · 2002 · He, Min et al. · indexed
2. Minimum and Comfortable Driving Headways: Reality versus Perception ↗ · 2001 · Meirav Taieb‐Maimon et al. · indexed
3. Monitoring time-headway in car-following task ↗ · 2008 · Fiorani, Matteo et al. · indexed
4. Car-Following Headways in Different Driving Situations: A Naturalistic Driving Study ↗ · 2016 · Zhu, Meixin et al. · indexed
5. Reassessing desired time headway as a measure of car-following capability: Definition, quantification, and associated factors ↗ · 2025 · Parashar, Shubham et al. · indexed
6. Comparison of Car-Following Behavior in Terms of Safety Indicators Between China and Sweden · 2019 · Liu, Tong et al. · archived
7. Choice of time-headway in car-following and the role of time-to-collision information in braking ↗ · 1996 · WINSUM, WIM VAN et al. · indexed
8. Driver Car Following Behavior Under Test Track and Open Road Driving Condition ↗ · 1997 · Allen, R. Wade et al. · indexed
9. Comparing time to collision and time headway as safety criteria ↗ · 2021 · Ramezani Khansari, Ehsan et al. · indexed
10. Preferred Time Headway in Car-following and Individual Differences in Perceptual-Motor Skills ↗ · 1998 · Van Winsum, Wim · indexed
11. Preferred time-headway of highway drivers ↗ · 2002 · Ayres, Thomas J. et al. · indexed
12. Determinants of time headway in staggered car-following conditions ↗ · 2017 · Das, Sanhita et al. · indexed
13. Rear Vehicle Matters: How Tailgaters Influence the Car-Following Behaviors of the Ego-Vehicle · 2025 · Liu, Yang et al. · archived
14. Desired Time Gap and Time Headway in Steady-State Car-Following on Two-Lane Roads ↗ · 2009 · Dey, Partha Pratim et al. · indexed
15. Time Headway in Car following and Operational Performance during Unexpected Braking ↗ · 1997 · Van Winsum, Wim et al. · indexed
16. Statistical Models for Preferred Time Headway and Time Headway of Drivers in Steady State Car-Following ↗ · 2006 · Bham', Ghulam H. et al. · indexed
17. Time Headway in Different Vehicle-Following Manoeuvres ↗ · 1980 · Fuller, Raymond G. C. · indexed
18. Headway Times on Urban, Multiple Lane Freeways ↗ · 2022 · King, Danielle R. et al. · indexed
19. Preferred time headway of drivers on two-lane highways with heterogeneous traffic ↗ · 2017 · Saha, Pritam et al. · indexed
20. Interrelations of Reaction Time, Driver Sensitivity, and Time Headway in Congested Traffic ↗ · 2011 · Kim, Taewan et al. · indexed
21. Preferred Following Distance as a Function of Speed—Function-Specific Automation (Level 1) Applications · 2022 · Weaver, Starla et al. · archived
22. Identification of Visual Cues and Quantification of Drivers' Perception of Proximity Risk to the Lead Vehicle in Car-Following Situations ↗ · 2008 · KONDOH, Takayuki et al. · indexed
23. Assessing Drivers Ability to Carry Out Headway Advice in Motorway Car Driving ↗ · 2011 · Risto, Malte et al. · indexed
24. The impact of the following vehicles behaviors on the car following behaviors of the ego-vehicle · 2025 · Liu, Yang et al. · archived
25. Effects of Lead Vehicle Speed and Separation Distance on Driver Car-Following Behavior ↗ · 2006 · Abbink, David A. · indexed
26. Naturalistic Study of Truck Following Behavior · 2016 · Nodine, Emily et al. · archived
27. Spare visual capacity and driver inattention in dynamic car following scenarios ↗ · 2024 · Kujala, Tuomo et al. · indexed
28. Comparing the Importance of the Factors on Drivers’ Response Time to Lead Vehicle’s Braking ↗ · 2020 · Lin, Brian T. W. et al. · indexed
29. Steady-State Car-Following Time Gaps: An Empirical Study Using Naturalistic Driving Data ↗ · 2019 · Loulizi, Amara et al. · indexed
30. Driver Performance Assessment with a Car Following Model ↗ · 2005 · Boer, Erwin R et al. · indexed
31. Driving Etiquette · 2019 · Peng, Huei et al. · archived
32. Modeling drivers’ reaction when being tailgated: A Random Forests Method ↗ · 2021 · Xu, Yueru et al. · indexed
33. Fleet analysis of headway distance for autonomous driving ↗ · 2017 · Ivanco, Andrej · indexed
34. Task-Difficulty Homeostasis in Car Following Models: Experimental Validation Using Self-Paced Visual Occlusion · 2017 · Pekkanen, Jami et al. · archived
35. Determinants of time headway adopted by truck drivers ↗ · 1981 · FULLER, RAYMOND G. C. · indexed
36. Vehicle Type–Specific Headway Analysis Using Freeway Traffic Data ↗ · 2009 · Ye, Fan et al. · indexed
37. Naturalistic Study of Truck Following Behavior ↗ · 2017 · Nodine, Emily et al. · indexed
38. Asymptotic stability of constant time headway driving strategy with multiple driver reaction delays ↗ · 2009 · Sipahi, Rifat et al. · indexed
39. An empirical study on heterogeneous traffic car-following safety indicators considering vehicle types ↗ · 2021 · Wang, Wenxuan et al. · indexed
40. Car-following as a tool in road traffic simulation ↗ · 1993 · Simonsson, S.O. · indexed
41. On-Road Investigation of Driver Following and Deceleration on Surface Streets ↗ · 2000 · McLaughlin, Shane et al. · indexed
42. Response Time and Time Headway of an Adaptive Cruise Control. An Empirical Characterization and Potential Impacts on Road Capacity · 2020 · Makridis, Michail et al. · archived
43. Too Close for Comfort: Evaluating a Reward-Based Approach to Increase Drivers' Headway ↗ · 2015 · Ramkhalawansingh, Robert C et al. · indexed
44. Incorporating the standstill distance and time headway distributions into freeway car-following models and an application to estimating freeway travel time reliability ↗ · 2019 · Lu, Chaoru et al. · indexed
45. Understanding the Dynamics of Heavy Vehicle Interactions in Car-Following ↗ · 2012 · Aghabayk, Kayvan et al. · indexed
46. Trade-off between jerk and time headway as an indicator of driving style. · 2017 · Itkonen, Teemu H et al. · archived
47. Experimental study of short-range interactions in vehicular traffic · 2009 · Appert-Rolland, Cécile · archived
48. Longitudinal driving behavior: Theory and empirics ↗ · 2008 · Ossen, Saskia · indexed
49. Influence of Discontinuous Line Markings on Time Headway Distribution in Car-Following ↗ · 2016 · Ding, Naikan et al. · indexed
50. The effects of in-vehicle tasks and time-gap selection while reclaiming control from adaptive cruise control (ACC) with bus simulator ↗ · 2008 · Lin, Tsang-Wei et al. · indexed
51. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Human Factors Study : Experiment 4 : Preferred Following Distance and Performance in An Emergency Event · 2017 · Balk, Stacy A. et al. · archived
52. HEADWAY MODELING IN NORTHERN IRAQI TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS ↗ · 2018 · AbdulMawjoud, Ayman A. · indexed
53. Stability Analysis of a Constant Time-Headway Driving Strategy with Driver Memory Effects Modeled by Distributed Delays ↗ · 2015 · Sipahi, Rifat et al. · indexed
54. Characterizing Heterogeneous Car-Following Behaviors of Human Drivers in Mixed Traffic · 2024 · Sun, Meng et al. · archived
55. Variations in Driver Behavior: An Analysis of Car-Following Behavior Heterogeneity as a Function of Road Type and Traffic Condition · 2017 · Berthaume, Andrew et al. · archived
56. Do drivers reduce their headway to a lead vehicle because of the presence of platoons in traffic? A conformity study conducted within a simulator ↗ · 2013 · Gouy, Magali et al. · indexed
57. Invariant set based variable headway time vehicle longitudinal control assistance ↗ · 2012 · Mammar, S. et al. · indexed
58. DEVELOPING A NEW HYBRID SAFETY CAR-FOLLOWING MODEL · 2014 · Al-Jameel, Hamid Athab · archived
59. Driving simulator study for the effects of autonomous vehicles on drivers behaviour under car-following conditions · 2022 · Calvi, Alessandro et al. · archived
60. Towards a Complete Safety Framework for Longitudinal Driving · 2022 · Sidorenko, Galina et al. · archived
61. Traffic Dynamics: Studies in Car Following ↗ · 1958 · Chandler, Robert E. et al. · indexed
62. A field study on braking responses during driving. II. Minimum driver braking times ↗ · 1995 · SCHWEITZER, N. et al. · indexed
63. Characterization of Longitudinal Driving Behavior by Measurable Parameters ↗ · 2010 · Wang, Jianqiang et al. · indexed
64. A variable time headway model for the mixed car-following process considering multiple front vehicles information in foggy weather ↗ · 2024 · Liang, Ziwei et al. · indexed
65. Do drivers change their manual car-following behaviour after automated car-following? · 2020 · Louw, Tyron et al. · archived
66. Driving Simulator Study for Drivers' Response Times under Rear-End Scenarios ↗ · 2013 · Chen, Ming et al. · indexed
67. Supporting driver headway choice: The effects of discrete headway feedback when following headway instructions ↗ · 2014 · Risto, Malte et al. · indexed
68. Understanding widely scattered traffic flows, the capacity drop, and platoons as effects of variance-driven time gaps · 2006 · Treiber, Martin et al. · archived
69. Effect Of A " Headway" Display On Driver Following Behavior, Experimental Field Test Design And Initial Results ↗ · 2005 · McGehee, D.V. et al. · indexed
70. ANALYSIS AND MODELING TIME HEADWAY DISTRIBUTIONS UNDER HEAVY TRAFFIC FLOW CONDITIONS IN THE URBAN HIGHWAYS: CASE OF ISFAHAN ↗ · 2012 · Abtahi, Sayyed Mahdi et al. · indexed
71. Modeling of Driver Controlling at Car-Following Based on Preview Follower Theory ↗ · 2008 · Yu, Dan et al. · indexed
72. Response times in drivers' gap acceptance decisions during overtaking · 2023 · Abbink, David A. · archived
73. Sharing the Road: How Human Drivers Interact with Autonomous Vehicles on Highways · 2022 · Huang, Chunxi et al. · archived
74. The development and validation of video-based measures of drivers’ following distance and gap acceptance behaviours ↗ · 2020 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
75. An evaluation of an in-vehicle headway feedback system with a visual and auditory interface ↗ · 1995 · May, A.J. · indexed
76. Safety Differences between Novice and Experienced Drivers under Car-Following Situations ↗ · 2011 · Li, Xiao-qian et al. · indexed
77. A comparison of headway and time to collision as safety indicators ↗ · 2003 · Vogel, Katja · indexed
78. Tradeoffs between safe/comfortable headways versus mobility-enhancing headways in an automated driving environment: preliminary insights using a driving simulator experiment ↗ · 2021 · Li, Yujie et al. · indexed
79. Modeling the Dynamic Cut-In Situation ↗ · 2002 · Sultan, Beshr et al. · indexed
80. The Influence of Lead Vehicle Behavior and Vehicle Rates of Closure on a Driver's Braking Behavior ↗ · 2007 · Kelling, Nicholas et al. · indexed
81. Do adaptive cruise control and lane keeping systems make the longitudinal vehicle control safer? Insights into speeding and time gaps shorter than one second from a naturalistic driving study with SAE Level 2 automation · 2022 · Varotto, Silvia F. et al. · archived
82. Inter- and Intra-Driver Reaction Time Heterogeneity in Car-Following Situations ↗ · 2024 · Tawfeek, Mostafa H. · indexed
83. Behavioral Aspects of Automatic Vehicle Guidance: Relationship Between Headway and Driver Comfort ↗ · 1997 · De Vos, Alexander P. et al. · indexed
84. Driver workload at higher speeds. · 2010 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
85. Should Adaptive Cruise-Control Systems be Designed to Maintain a Constant Time Gap Between Vehicles? ↗ · 2004 · Wang, J. et al. · indexed
86. Naturalistic driving data for the analysis of car-following models. · 2013 · Rakha, Hesham et al. · archived
87. Examining Young Novice Driver Headway Choice in a Simulated Car Following Task ↗ · 2007 · Mitsopoulos-Rubens, Eve et al. · indexed
88. Effects of peripheral transverse line markings on drivers’ speed and headway choice and crash risk in car-following: A naturalistic observation study ↗ · 2020 · Ding, Naikan et al. · indexed
89. Learning Headway Estimation in Driving ↗ · 2007 · Taieb-Maimon, Meirav · indexed
90. Alternative Definitions of Passing Critical Gaps · 2011 · Toledo, Tomer et al. · archived
91. A Vehicle-following Model Based on Drivers Different Sensitive to Vehicle Speed and Vehicle's Spacing ↗ · 2009 · Wu, Yihu et al. · indexed
92. Understanding Driver Car-Following Behavior Using a Fuzzy Logic Car-Following Model ↗ · 2012 · Sato, Toshihisa et al. · indexed
93. Driver behavior in traffic. · 2012 · Abbas, Montasir et al. · archived
94. Control Theoretic Models of Human Drivers in Car Following ↗ · 1977 · Bekey, George A. et al. · indexed
95. Is driving assisted behaviour infectious? ↗ · 2015 · Stemmler, Eric et al. · indexed
96. An empirical assessment of driver motivation and emotional states in perceived safety margins under varied driving conditions · 2012 · Zhang, Yu et al. · archived
97. Analysis of reaction time during car-following process based on driving simulation test ↗ · 2015 · Xue, Qingwan et al. · indexed
98. Modeling Driver Response to Lead Vehicle Decelerating · 2004 · Najm, Wassim et al. · archived
99. Car-Following Behavior Analysis from Microscopic Trajectory Data ↗ · 2005 · Ossen, Saskia et al. · indexed
100. Analysis of Headway and Speed Based on Driver Characteristics and Work Zone Configurations Using Naturalistic Driving Study Data ↗ · 2021 · Xu, Dan et al. · indexed
101. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control: Driver Acceptance of Following Gap Settings Less than One Second ↗ · 2010 · Nowakowski, Christopher et al. · indexed
102. Impact of the Time-Variant Response Time of Driver on Traffic Flow Oscillations and Car-Following Safety ↗ · 2020 · Sun, Zhentian et al. · indexed
103. Investigation of Driver Adaptations in a Mixed Traffic Environment · 2024 · Kondyli, Alexandra et al. · archived
104. A New Driver Model Based on Driver Response ↗ · 2022 · Ali, Faryal et al. · indexed
105. Characterizing car-following behaviors of human drivers when following automated vehicles using the real-world dataset ↗ · 2022 · Wen, Xiao et al. · indexed
106. Longitudinal Driving Behavior with Integrated Crash-Warning System ↗ · 2013 · LeBlanc, David J. et al. · indexed
107. Use of MIDAS individual vehicle records data to investigate driver following behaviour ↗ · 2014 · Hayden, J.V. et al. · indexed
108. Effects of Time Headway on Driving after Prolonged Automation Exposure: Evidence for Behavioral Adaptation ↗ · 2025 · Dudley, LeGrand E. et al. · indexed
109. From Manual to Automated Driving: Understanding the Shift in Driver Headway Preferences ↗ · 2025 · Saljoqi, Masoud et al. · indexed
110. Using SHRP2-Nds Data to Investigate Freeway Operations, Human Factors, and Safety: Final Report · 2018 · Avelar, Raul Eduardo et al. · archived
111. Supporting car-following behavior through V2V-based beyond-visual-range information display · 2026 · Gu, Feiqi et al. · archived
112. Research on V2V Time Headway Strategy Considering Multi-Front Vehicles Based on Artificial Potential Field ↗ · 2023 · Shen, Chuanliang et al. · indexed
113. Statistical Analysis of Driver Behavior Data in Different Regimes of the Car-Following Stage ↗ · 2007 · Ma, Xiaoliang et al. · indexed
114. Car-following behavioural adaptation when driving next to automated vehicles on a dedicated lane on motorways: A driving simulator study in the Netherlands · 2021 · Schoenmakers, Mathijs et al. · archived
115. USING NEURAL NETWORKS TO IDENTIFY DRIVING STYLE AND HEADWAY CONTROL BEHAVIOR OF DRIVERS ↗ · 1998 · MacADAM, C. et al. · indexed
116. The Effect of Car-following in Different Time Headways on Visual Distraction and Its Relation to System Effectiveness of a Forward Collision Warning System · 2012 · ABE, Genya et al. · archived
117. Autonomous intelligent cruise control · 1993 · Ioannou, P.A. et al. · archived
118. USING NEURAL NETWORKS TO IDENTIFY DRIVING STYLE AND HEADWAY CONTROL BEHAVIOR OF DRIVERS ↗ · 1997 · MacADAM, C. et al. · indexed
119. Enhancing Driver Car-Following Performance with a Distance and Acceleration Display ↗ · 2013 · Saffarian, Mehdi et al. · indexed
120. Minimum Safety Distances for Emergency Braking Maneuvers in Car-Following Applications ↗ · 2020 · Schafer, Devin et al. · indexed
121. Car-following Characteristics of Adaptive Cruise Control from Empirical Data · 2020 · Goodall, Noah J. et al. · archived
122. How Reaction Time, Update Time, and Adaptation Time Influence the Stability of Traffic Flow · 2008 · Kesting, Arne et al. · archived
123. Estimation of Driver Behavior Model Parameters ↗ · 1990 · Golias, John C. et al. · indexed
124. Transferability of Car-Following Models Between Driving Simulator and Field Traffic · 2017 · Papadimitriou, Stavros et al. · archived
125. Estimating Individual Speed-Spacing Relationship and Assessing Ability of Newell's Car-Following Model to Reproduce Trajectories ↗ · 2008 · Duret, Aurélien et al. · indexed
126. Longitudinal Driving Behavior under Adverse Conditions: A Close Look at Psycho-spacing Models ↗ · 2011 · Hoogendoorn, Raymond G. et al. · indexed
127. A Cybernetic Perspective on Car Following in Fog ↗ · 2007 · Boer, Erwin R et al. · indexed
128. Interdriver Differences in Car-Following: A Vehicle Trajectory-Based Study ↗ · 2006 · Ossen, Saskia et al. · indexed
129. Analyzing Microscopic Behavioral between Two Phases of Follower and Leader in Traffic Oscillation with Developing Artificial Neural Networks · 2017 · Mirbaha, Babak et al. · archived
130. IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collision, Task 1 Vol. VI: Human Factors Studies · 1994 · Wilson, Terry · archived
131. Analysis of rear-end crash potential and driver contributing factors based on car-following driving simulation ↗ · 2022 · Bumrungsup, Lerdmanus et al. · indexed
132. Anticipation and the adaptive control of safety margins in driving ↗ · 1999 · HULST, MONIQUE VAN DER · indexed
133. Driver Behavior and Gap-Acceptance Characteristics at Roundabouts in California ↗ · 2008 · Xu, Feng et al. · indexed
134. Longitudinal control of the lead car of a platoon ↗ · 1994 · Godbole, D.N. et al. · indexed
135. Empirics of Multianticipative Car-Following Behavior ↗ · 2006 · Hoogendoorn, Serge et al. · indexed
136. Development Of Framework For In-Vehicle Rear-End Collision Warning System Considering Driver Characteristics ↗ · 2021 · Mehmood, Atif · indexed
137. Driver's behavioral adaptation to Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC): The case of speed and time headway ↗ · 2014 · Bianchi Piccinini, Giulio Francesco et al. · indexed
138. Development and evaluation of a microscopic overtaking gap acceptance model for two-lane highways · 2016 · Ghods, Amir H. et al. · archived
139. OpenACC. An open database of car-following experiments to study the properties of commercial ACC systems · 2021 · Makridis, Michail et al. · archived
140. Incorporating vehicle mix in stimulus-response car-following models ↗ · 2016 · Siuhi, Saidi et al. · indexed
141. Adaptation Longitudinal Driving Behavior, Mental Workload, and Psycho-Spacing Models in Fog ↗ · 2011 · Hoogendoorn, Raymond G. et al. · indexed
142. Enhancing and Calibrating the Rakha-Pasumarthy-Adjerid Car-Following Model using Naturalistic Driving Data ↗ · 2014 · Sangster, John D. et al. · indexed
143. IVHS Countermeasures For Rear-End Collisions, Task 1 Volume Vi: Human Factors Studies, Interim Report · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
144. IVHS Countermeasures For Rear-End Collisions, Task 1 Volume V: 1985 Nass Case Analysis, Interim Report · 1994 · WILSON, TERRY · archived
145. Insight into Driver Behavior during Overtaking Maneuvers in Disorderly Traffic: An Instrumented Vehicle Study ↗ · 2020 · Dutta, Bhupali et al. · indexed
146. Modeling Lane Changes at Freeway On-Ramps With a Novel Car-Following Model Based on Desired Time Headways ↗ · 2025 · Berghaus, Moritz et al. · indexed
147. Naturalistic Driving Behavior Analysis under Typical Normal Cut-In Scenarios ↗ · 2019 · Ma, Xuehan et al. · indexed
148. An Empirical Analysis of Vehicle Time Headways on Rural Two-lane Two-way Roads · 2012 · Rossi, Riccardo et al. · archived
149. Analyzing Microscopic Behavior: Driver Mandatory Lane Change Behavior on a Multilane Freeway · 2008 · Bham, Ghulam H. · archived
150. Field Study of Gap Acceptance by Left-Turning Drivers ↗ · 2004 · Davis, Gary A. et al. · indexed
151. INCREASING FOLLOWING HEADWAY WITH PROMPTS, GOAL SETTING, AND FEEDBACK IN A DRIVING SIMULATOR · 2011 · Arnold, Michelle L. et al. · archived
152. Verification and Calibration of Microscopic Traffic Simulation Using Driver Behavior and Car-Following Metrics for Freeway Segments · 2024 · Medina, Juan C. et al. · archived
153. Car following with an inertia-oriented driving technique: A driving simulator experiment · 2022 · Tenenboim, Einat et al. · archived
154. The Driver's Response to Decreasing Vehicle Separations during Transitions into the Automated Lane · 1996 · Bloomfield, John R. et al. · archived
155. Calibrating Car-Following Models by Using Trajectory Data · 2008 · Kesting, Arne et al. · archived
156. Integrated automated vehicle string longitudinal control · 2013 · Mammar, Said et al. · archived
157. Wiedemann Revisited ↗ · 2011 · Hoogendoorn, Serge et al. · indexed
158. Variations in Parameters of Time Headway Models According to Macroscopic Variables, Fundamental Diagram, and Exogenous Effects ↗ · 2011 · Ha, Duy-Hung et al. · indexed
159. Adaptive driver modelling in ADAS to improve user acceptance: A study using naturalistic data · 2018 · Fleming, James M. et al. · archived
160. Population distributions of time to collision at brake application during car following from naturalistic driving data ↗ · 2015 · Kusano, Kristofer D. et al. · indexed
161. A Study on Reaction Time Distribution of Group Drivers at Car-Following ↗ · 2009 · Wu, Yihu et al. · indexed
162. Behavior Measurement, Analysis, and Regime Classification in Car Following · 2007 · Ma, Xiaoliang et al. · archived
163. Evaluation of Work Zone Mobility by Utilizing Naturalistic Driving Study Data, Phase II · 2022 · Zhou, Huaguo Hugo et al. · archived
164. Effect of daily car-following behaviors on urban roadway rear-end crashes and near-crashes: A naturalistic driving study ↗ · 2021 · Wang, Xuesong et al. · indexed
165. A Simulation Study on Effects of Platooning Gaps on Drivers of Conventional Vehicles in Highway Merging Situations ↗ · 2022 · Aramrattana, Maytheewat et al. · indexed
166. A driving simulator study on the perception of distances in situations of car-following and overtaking · 2006 · Bergeron, Jacques et al. · archived
167. The effect of road tunnel environment on car following behaviour ↗ · 2014 · Yeung, Jian Sheng et al. · indexed
168. Driver Assisting by Inverse Time to Collision ↗ · 2006 · Balas, Valentina E. et al. · indexed
169. Empirical analysis of car-following behavior: Impacts of driver demographics, leading vehicle types, and speed limits on driver behavior and safety ↗ · 2025 · Hussain, Zahid et al. · indexed
170. Estimating reaction time in Adaptive Cruise Control System ↗ · 2018 · Makridis, Michail et al. · indexed
171. Non-Lane-Discipline-Based Car-Following Model Considering the Effects of Full Lateral Gaps ↗ · 2018 · Xu, Long et al. · indexed
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173. Effects of assignments of dedicated automated vehicle lanes and inter-vehicle distances of automated vehicle platoons on car-following performance of nearby manual vehicle drivers ↗ · 2022 · Chen, Facheng et al. · indexed
174. Combining driving simulator and physiological sensor data in a latent variable model to incorporate the effect of stress in car-following behaviour · 2019 · Paschalidis, Evangelos et al. · archived
175. Investigation of Key Safety Measures for Pre and Post-Deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles · 2025 · Kondyli, Alexandra et al. · archived
176. Estimation of Driver Reaction Time from Car-Following Data ↗ · 2006 · Ma, Xiaoliang et al. · indexed
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178. Location-based analysis of car-following behavior during braking using naturalistic driving data ↗ · 2020 · Tawfeek, Mostafa H. et al. · indexed
179. Stability analysis of the car-following model considering the effects of lateral gap and visual angle ↗ · 2016 · Li, Yongfu et al. · indexed
180. Microscopic Calibration and Validation of Car-Following Models – A Systematic Approach · 2013 · Treiber, Martin et al. · archived
181. Mobile Phone Use in a Car-Following Situation: Impact on Time Headway and Effectiveness of Driver’s Rear-End Risk Compensation Behavior via a Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2020 · Chen, Yunxing et al. · indexed
182. Improve adaptive cruise control under driver distraction: Time headway compensation based on a random‐effect crash risk model ↗ · 2021 · Li, Penghui et al. · indexed
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184. Increasing Following Headway in a Driving Simulator and Transfer to Real World Driving ↗ · 2020 · Arnold, Michelle L. et al. · indexed
185. Study of Driver’s Reaction Time (DRT) during Car Following ↗ · 2015 · Xing, Cui Fang et al. · indexed
186. Why do drivers maintain short headways in fog? A driving-simulator study evaluating feeling of risk and lateral control during automated and manual car following ↗ · 2012 · Saffarian, M. et al. · indexed
187. Comparative Evaluation of Microscopic Car-Following Behavior ↗ · 2005 · Panwai, S. et al. · indexed
188. Overtaking automated truck platoons: Effects of platoon organisations and traffic situation on driving behaviours of nearby manual vehicle drivers · 2025 · Lin, Zijian et al. · archived
189. Driver Psychological Types and Car Following: Is there a Correlation? Results of a Pilot Study ↗ · 2003 · Brackstone, Mark · indexed
190. Empirical Analysis of a Generalized Linear Multianticipative Car-Following Model in Congested Traffic Conditions ↗ · 2014 · Zhang, Xiao · indexed
191. Attribute selection for modelling driver's car-following behaviour in heterogeneous congested traffic conditions ↗ · 2013 · Aghabayk, Kayvan et al. · indexed
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193. Behavioral adaptation of drivers when driving among automated vehicles · 2022 · Aramrattana, Maytheewat et al. · archived
194. Driver Collision Avoidance Behavior After Braking ↗ · 2013 · You, Shikai et al. · indexed
195. A dynamic and stochastic perspective on time headway in traffic oscillations and its implications for traffic safety ↗ · 2025 · Luo, Ying et al. · indexed
196. Gamma-GQM Time Headway Model: Endogenous Effects in Rural Two-lane Two-way Roads ↗ · 2014 · Rossi, Riccardo et al. · indexed
197. Factors Influencing the Maintenance of Speed: A Driver Model Analysis ↗ · 1999 · Thakur, Kailash Prasad · indexed
198. IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collisions, Task 2 -- Functional Goals · 1996 · Wilson, Terry · archived
199. Young Adult Drivers: Simulated Behaviour in a Car-following Situation ↗ · 2017 · Jurecki, Rafał et al. · indexed
200. A Study on an Anthropomorphic Car-Following Strategy Framework of the Autonomous Coach in Mixed Traffic Flow ↗ · 2020 · Zhao, Chen et al. · indexed
201. Microscopic fundamental relationships between vehicle speed and spacing in view of asymmetric traffic theory ↗ · 2011 · Yeo, Hwasoo et al. · indexed
202. Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models · 2005 · Treiber, Martin et al. · archived
203. Exploring Driver’s Deceleration Behavior in Car-Following: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2020 · Hang, Junyu et al. · indexed
204. Intelligent Cruise Control Field Operational Test Vol III: Performance of a String or Cluster of ACC-Equipped Cars · 1998 · Bogard, S. et al. · archived
205. A Review of Sociodemographic Influences on Car-Following Behavior ↗ · 2026 · Hussain, Zahid et al. · indexed
206. EFFECTS OF ACC ON DRIVER BEHAVIOUR, WORKLOAD AND ACCEPTANCE IN RELATION TO MINIMUM TIME HEADWAY ↗ · 2002 · Trnros, J et al. · indexed
207. Influence of Traffic Flow Around the Intelligent Vehicle on Takeover Time in a Bottleneck of the Expressway ↗ · 2021 · Liu, Qingchao et al. · indexed
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209. A Theory of Visual Control of Braking Based on Information about Time-to-Collision ↗ · 1976 · Lee, David N. · indexed
210. Study on the longitudinal control analysis of a driver of a heavy-duty vehicle following another vehicle ↗ · 2006 · Iwaki, Ryo et al. · indexed
211. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control in Real Traffic Situations · 2013 · Milanés, Vicente et al. · archived
212. Incorporating Driver Behaviors Into Connected and Automated Vehicle Simulation · 2016 · Songchitruksa, Praprut et al. · archived
213. Time headway distribution analysis of naturalistic road users based on aerial datasets ↗ · 2022 · Yu, Ruilin et al. · indexed
214. Surprise Braking Trials, Time-to-Collision Judgments, and “First Look” Maneuvers Under Realistic Rear-End Crash Scenarios · 2005 · Kiefer, R. J. et al. · archived
215. An Adaptive Class-wise Leader-Follower Pair Identification Framework and Behavioural Regimes in Heterogeneous Traffic ↗ · 2026 · Eldhose, Susan et al. · indexed
216. Safety and experience of other drivers while interacting with automated vehicle platoons · 2021 · Aramrattana, Maytheewat et al. · archived
217. Time-to-Collision Judgments of Constant and Non-Constant Velocities: Implications for Rear-End Collisions ↗ · 2006 · Tharanathan, Anand et al. · indexed
218. A cognitive process approach to modeling gap acceptance in overtaking · 2023 · Mohammad, Samir H.A. et al. · archived
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220. Performance Comparison of Adaptive Cruise Control in Mixed Traffic Flow Considering Different Time Headway Policies ↗ · 2021 · Dong, Jiakuan et al. · indexed
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227. Identification of driver car-following behaviour ↗ · 2005 · Mulder, Mark et al. · indexed
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250. Neural Agent Car-Following Models ↗ · 2007 · Panwai, Sakda et al. · indexed
251. Behavioural effects of Advanced Cruise Control Use ↗ · 2005 · Dragutinovic, N. et al. · indexed
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278. Now or never: Eye tracking and response times reveal the dynamics of highway merging decisions ↗ · 2023 · Zgonnikov, Arkady et al. · indexed
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284. Impacts of Shorter Perception-Reaction Time of Adapted Cruise Controlled Vehicles on Traffic Flow and Safety ↗ · 2003 · Kikuchi, Shinya et al. · indexed
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288. <p>Alertness-Related Differences in Car-Following Strategy among Truck Drivers Based on Naturalistic Driving Data</p> ↗ · 2026 · Liu, Yang et al. · indexed
289. Interactive merging behavior in a coupled driving simulator: Experimental framework and case study · 2022 · Abbink, David A. · archived
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291. Exploring Heterogeneity in Car-Following Behaviors Based on Driver Visual Characteristics: Modeling and Calibration ↗ · 2023 · Bai, Congcong et al. · indexed
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310. Simulation of Automated Vehicles' Drive Cycles · 2018 · LeVine, Scott · archived
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328. Now or never: Eye tracking and response times reveal the dynamics of highway merging decisions ↗ · 2026 · Zgonnikov, Arkady et al. · indexed
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340. Human Merging Behavior in a Coupled Driving Simulator: How Do We Resolve Conflicts? · 2024 · Abbink, David A. · archived
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376. Impact of Time-to-Collision Information on Driving Behavior in Connected Vehicle Environments Using A Driving Simulator Test Bed · 2015 · Osman, Osama A. et al. · archived
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447. Vehicle-Type Dependent Car-Following Model for Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions ↗ · 2011 · Ravishankar, K. V. R. et al. · indexed
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482. Modeling the Effects of Autonomous Vehicles on Human Driver Car-Following Behaviors Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning · 2023 · Wen, Xiao et al. · archived
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490. Study on Optimization of Takeover Time and Safety Distance of L3 Automatic Driving System · 2025 · Yao, Bohan · archived
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