Modeling and Simulation of a Fully Autonomous Electric Vehicle (AEV)
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5106256/v1
archive: archived pipeline: cataloged verified
Get this paper ↗ (DOI — opens at the source; we link to it, we don't host it)
Summary
This paper addresses the modeling and simulation of a Fully Autonomous Electric Vehicle (AEV) to evaluate its performance, energy efficiency, and driving capabilities. Motivated by the need for sustainable transportation solutions that reduce fossil fuel consumption and human error-related accidents, the authors aim to bridge the gap in comprehensive AEV modeling. The study focuses on integrating subsystems—specifically the driving system, battery, motor, transmission, and vehicle body—into a unified simulation environment to assess longitudinal dynamics and energy management. The research was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink to develop and interconnect component models. The driver model utilizes a proportional-integral (PI) controller to manage throttle and braking actions, incorporating a regenerative braking mechanism with a 50% recovery efficiency. The battery model employs the ampere-hour counting method to track state-of-charge (SoC), voltage, and power, while the motor model calculates current based on torque, speed, and voltage inputs. Transmission dynamics and vehicle body models account for gear ratios, rolling resistance, and aerodynamic drag. The simulation parameters were derived from specific design criteria, including a vehicle mass of 1549 kg, a 216 kWh battery capacity, and a 30 kW rated motor. Performance was evaluated under the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) cycle. The simulation results demonstrate robust performance across key metrics. The AEV exhibited strong speed tracking accuracy, with actual speed deviating from the target by no more than 1.5%. In terms of range, the vehicle completed 32 UDDS cycles, covering approximately 352 kilometers before the SoC dropped from 0.9 to 0.1. Crucially, the inclusion of the energy brake recovery system increased the driving distance by 25% compared to a configuration without this feature, which achieved only 286 kilometers. Acceleration performance was also notable, with the vehicle reaching 100 km/h in approximately 9.5 seconds and achieving a top speed of roughly 190 km/h. SoC dynamics confirmed that energy consumption increased with speed, while regenerative braking periodically restored charge. The significance of this work lies in validating a comprehensive simulation framework for AEVs that highlights the critical role of regenerative braking in extending driving range. The findings suggest that the developed model offers reliable performance metrics suitable for preliminary design and analysis. However, the authors acknowledge the limitation of lacking real-world field testing, recommending future research incorporate Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulations and physical trials to verify robustness under unpredictable real-world conditions. This study provides a foundational model for optimizing AEV powertrains and energy management systems.
Provenance
The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed.
| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-25 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
Topics
Ranked by relevance to this paper. Hover a topic for its definition.