Analisis Pengaruh Shift Kerja terhadap Beban Kerja Mental pada Operator Air Traffic Control (ATC) dengan Metode NASA-TLX (Studi Kasus: Bandar Udara Internasional X)

Amanda Putri, Rizka; Tambunan, Willy; Dianati Fathimahhayati, Lina · 2018 · Crossref

DOI: 10.31001/tekinfo.v6i2.394

archive: archived pipeline: cataloged verified

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Summary

This study investigates the impact of work shifts on the mental workload of Air Traffic Control (ATC) operators at International Airport X, specifically focusing on the Balikpapan Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA) and flights to/from Samarinda. The research was motivated by the high-stakes nature of ATC work, which requires intense concentration, decision-making, and monitoring of air traffic displays. Given that air traffic density varies significantly throughout the day, the authors sought to determine how different shift schedules—morning, afternoon, and night—affect the cognitive burden on operators, who often manage traffic alone for two-hour periods with only 45 minutes of rest. The study employed the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) method to subjectively measure mental workload across six dimensions: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration. The subjects consisted of nine male ATC operators, divided into Approach Control Unit (APP) and Aerodrome Control Tower (ADC) roles, selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected across three distinct shifts: morning (07:30–13:30 WITA), afternoon (13:30–19:30 WITA), and night (19:30–07:30 WITA). The NASA-TLX scores were calculated using weighted ratings based on pairwise comparisons of the workload indicators. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, including normality tests and Repeated Measures ANOVA, to determine if significant differences existed in mental workload across the three shift conditions. The results indicated that ATC operators experienced high to very high mental workload across all shifts. The morning shift recorded the highest average score of 81, categorized as "very high" mental workload. Both the afternoon and night shifts recorded average scores of 77, categorized as "high" mental workload. The Repeated Measures ANOVA confirmed a statistically significant difference in mental workload between shifts (Sig. = 0.008), rejecting the null hypothesis. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the morning shift differed significantly from both the afternoon and night shifts, while no significant difference existed between the afternoon and night shifts. The authors attribute these variations to traffic density, which ranged from 80–100+ flights during the morning shift, 20–80 flights in the afternoon, and 0–20 flights at night. The study concludes that work shifts significantly influence the mental workload of ATC operators, primarily driven by fluctuating traffic volumes. To mitigate the high cognitive demands identified, the authors recommend three primary interventions: dividing the supervision area within the Balikpapan TMA to distribute responsibility, increasing human resources to ensure operators have assistants as mandated by standard operating procedures, and improving rest facilities with adequate amenities such as beds and relaxation spaces. These measures aim to reduce operator fatigue and enhance overall safety and performance in air traffic management.

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• workload measurement

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• Empirical Findings: self report data