workload measurement

Workload measurement methods: techniques and indices that quantify driver cognitive load — NASA-TLX, the detection-response task (DRT), heart-rate variability, pupillometry, visual occlusion. The MEASUREMENT instruments and their validation, distinct from the demand being measured (mental_demand).

361 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Validating two assessment strategies for visual and cognitive load in a simulated driving task ↗ · 2016 · Castro, S et al. · indexed
2. Utilizing a remote LED stimulus to concurrently measure cognitive and visual task demand ↗ · 2018 · Motzkus, CJ et al. · indexed
3. Let Complexity Bring Clarity: A Multidimensional Assessment of Cognitive Load Using Physiological Measures · 2022 · Nilsson, Emma J. et al. · archived
4. Individual differences in peripheral physiology and implications for the real-time assessment of driver state (phase I & II). · 2013 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
5. Evaluation of the driver’s mental workload: a necessity in a perspective of in-vehicle system design for road safety improvement · 2014 · Pauzié, Annie · archived
6. A subjective one-item measure based on NASA-TLX to assess cognitive workload in driver-vehicle interaction ↗ · 2022 · von Janczewski, Nikolai et al. · indexed
7. Using the ISO Detection response task to measure the cognitive load of driving four separate vehicles on two distinct highways ↗ · 2024 · Biondi, Francesco N. et al. · indexed
8. Driver Workload Metrics Task 2 Final Report ↗ · 2006 · Angell, Linda et al. · indexed
9. The power and sensitivity of four core driver workload measures for benchmarking the distraction potential of new driver vehicle interfaces · 2021 · McDonnell, AS et al. · archived
10. A Review of Psychophysiological Measures to Assess Cognitive States in Real-World Driving · 2019 · Strayer, David L. · archived
11. The association between physiological and eye-tracking metrics and cognitive load in drivers: A meta-analysis · 2024 · Wang, Ange et al. · archived
12. Measurement Invariance of the Nasa TLX ↗ · 2008 · Bustamante, Ernesto A. et al. · indexed
13. On the measurement of pilot perceptual workload: a comparison of assessment techniques addressing sensitivity and intrusion issues ↗ · 1984 · Casali, John G. et al. · indexed
14. On the Workload of Vigilance: Comparison of the NASA-TLX and the MRQ ↗ · 2009 · Boles, David B. et al. · indexed
15. Review of Eye-related Measures of Drivers’ Mental Workload ↗ · 2015 · Marquart, Gerhard et al. · indexed
16. Mental workload and driving · 2014 · Paxion, Julie et al. · archived
17. Extending the Detection Response Task to Simultaneously Measure Cognitive and Visual Task Demands ↗ · 2016 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
18. Handbook of Human Performance Measures and Crew Requirements for Flight Deck Research · 1995 · Rehmann, Albert J. · archived
19. What's on your mind? A Mental and Perceptual Load Estimation Framework towards Adaptive In-vehicle Interaction while Driving · 2022 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
20. Viewing the Workload of Vigilance Through the Lenses of the NASA-TLX and the MRQ ↗ · 2013 · Boles, David B. et al. · indexed
21. Measures of Driver Behavior and Cognitive Workload in a Driving Simulator and in a Real Traffic Environment - Experiences from Two Experimental Studies in Sweden · 2001 · Cici, Ruggero et al. · archived
22. Response time and eye tracking datasets for activities demanding varying cognitive load ↗ · 2020 · Pillai, Prarthana et al. · indexed
23. Unravelling the Physiological Correlates of Mental Workload · 2022 · John, Alka Rachel et al. · archived
24. Examining potential confounds in use of the detection response task for in-vehicle system evaluation · 2017 · Goethe, RM et al. · archived
25. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 4, review of workload and related research · 1996 · Wierwille, W. et al. · archived
26. Measuring mental workload with the NASA-TLX needs to examine each dimension rather than relying on the global score: an example with driving · 2017 · Galy, Édith et al. · archived
27. Mental Workload, Task Demand and Driving Performance: What Relation? ↗ · 2014 · da Silva, Fátima Pereira · indexed
28. Reliable but multi-dimensional cognitive demand in operating partially automated vehicles · 2024 · Lohani, M et al. · archived
29. Sensitivity of Detection Response Task (DRT) to the Driving Demand and Task Difficulty · 2013 · Bruyas, Marie-Pierre et al. · archived
30. A Review of Driver Mental Workload in Driver-Vehicle-Environment System · 2011 · Ba, Yutao et al. · archived
31. A Comparison of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Indices in Distinguishing Single-Task Driving and Driving Under Secondary Cognitive Workload ↗ · 2011 · Mehler, Bruce et al. · indexed
32. Driver State Classification: Identifying High Cognitive Load and Drowsiness Through Driver Performance · 2026 · Ayas, Suzan et al. · archived
33. Driver Workload Metrics Project: Task 2 Final Report ↗ · 2006 · U.S. Department of Transportation · indexed
34. Using the ISO detection response task to measure the cognitive load of driving four separate vehicles on two distinct highways · 2024 · Biondi, FN et al. · archived
35. A Surrogate Test for Cognitive Demand: Tactile Detection Response Task (TDRT) ↗ · 2015 · Hsieh, Li et al. · indexed
36. Cognitive workload measurement and modeling under divided attention. · 2019 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
37. Assessment of Crew Workload Measurement Methods, Techniques and Procedures. Volume 2. Guidelines for the Use of Workload Assessment Techniques in Aircraft Certification ↗ · 1989 · Corwin, William H. et al. · indexed
38. Measuring the Workload of Sustained Attention: Further Evaluation of the Multiple Reources Questionnaire ↗ · 2008 · Boles, David B. et al. · indexed
39. Recherche d’indicateurs électrodermaux pour l’analyse de la charge mentale en conduite automobile ↗ · 2009 · Clarion, Antoine · indexed
40. Assessment of Drivers’ Mental Workload by Multimodal Measures during Auditory-Based Dual-Task Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2024 · Huang, Jiaqi et al. · indexed
41. Measuring cognitive distraction in the automobile II · 2014 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
42. Distracted worker: Using pupil size and blink rate to detect cognitive load during manufacturing tasks ↗ · 2022 · Biondi, Francesco et al. · indexed
43. Eye Glance Analysis of the Surrogate Tests for Driver Distraction · 2015 · Hsieh, Li et al. · archived
44. Occlusion Paradigm as a Tool to Assess Visual Distraction from In-Vehicle Telematics ↗ · 2002 · Frank, Tracy L. et al. · indexed
45. Assessment of Crew Workload Measurement Methods, Techniques and Procedures. Volume 1. Process, Methods and Results ↗ · 1989 · Corwin, William H. et al. · indexed
46. Cardiac Measures of Driver Workload during Simulated Driving with and without Visual Occlusion ↗ · 2003 · Backs, Richard W et al. · indexed
47. Improving upper-limb prosthesis usability: Cognitive workload measures quantify task difficulty · 2022 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
48. Driver Cognitive Load Classification Based on Physiological Data—Case Study 7 · 2021 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
49. Estimating cognitive load using remote eye tracking in a driving simulator ↗ · 2010 · Palinko, Oskar et al. · indexed
50. Evaluation of a Method to Estimate Driving Workload in Real Time: Watching Video Clips Versus Simulated Driving · 2011 · Green, Paul et al. · archived
51. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 1, task analysis data and protocols review · 1996 · Tijerina, L et al. · archived
52. Measuring driver distraction – Evaluation of the box task method as a tool for assessing in-vehicle system demand ↗ · 2020 · Morgenstern, Tina et al. · indexed
53. Detection of Cognitive Load Modulation by EDA and HRV · 2025 · Boffet, Alexis et al. · archived
54. Impact of the difficulty of the box task on its sensitivity when combined with a detection response task to assess secondary task workload ↗ · 2025 · Trommler, Daniel et al. · indexed
55. Development of a Human Performance Simulation Model to Evaluate In-Vehicle Information and Control Systems in Commercial Trucking Operations · 2007 · Griffin, Meredith J. et al. · archived
56. Comparison of concurrent cognitive load measures during n-back tasks ↗ · 2024 · Pillai, Prarthana et al. · indexed
57. Modeling Driver Behavior and Aggressiveness Using Biobehavioral Methods – Phase II · 2020 · Kondyli, Alexandra et al. · archived
58. Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile II: Assessing In-Vehicle Voice-Based Interactive Technologies · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
59. Real-time prediction of short-timescale fluctuations in cognitive workload · 2021 · Boehm, U et al. · archived
60. Performance and workload trends: The effects of repeated exposure to "high" demand tasks · 2018 · Wheatley, CL et al. · archived
61. Average heart rate for driver monitoring systems · 2016 · Biondi, F et al. · archived
62. Measures and Methods Used to Assess the Safety and Usability of Driver Information Systems · 1995 · Green, Paul · archived
63. MEASUREMENT OF HEART RATE TO DETERMINE CAR DRIVERS' PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENT IN SIMULATED DRIVING: AN OVERVIEW ↗ · 2016 · Ismail, Faizul Rizal et al. · indexed
64. Assessing the Driver’s Current Level of Working Memory Load with High Density Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy: A Realistic Driving Simulator Study · 2017 · Unni, Anirudh et al. · archived
65. Detection Response Task Evaluation for Driver Distraction Measurement for Auditory-Vocal Tasks: Experiment 2 · 2019 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · archived
66. Modeling Driver Behavior and Aggressiveness Using Biobehavioral Methods –Phase III · 2022 · Kondyli, Alexandra et al. · archived
67. Comparison of Static and Driving Simulator Venues for the Tactile Detection Response Task · 2013 · Engström, Johan et al. · archived
68. Driver mental workload measurement trends and cognitive impacts: a literature review ↗ · 2026 · Faidah, Uyun Nadzirotul et al. · indexed
69. A Comprehensive Review of Driver’s Attention and the Evaluation Methods · 2021 · Abbasi, Elahe et al. · archived
70. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Eye tracking for Cognitive Load classification in a Driving Simulator Using Deep Learning · 2024 · Khan, Mehshan Ahmed et al. · archived
71. Psychophysiological responses to takeover requests in conditionally automated driving · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · archived
72. Linking the Detection Response Task and the AttenD Algorithm Through Assessment of Human–Machine Interface Workload · 2017 · Lee, Joonbum et al. · archived
73. Measurement of Workload by Secondary Tasks ↗ · 1979 · Ogden, George D. et al. · indexed
74. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 3, task analysis data collection · 1996 · Kiger, Steven et al. · archived
75. Mental Workload of Common Voice-Based Vehicle Interactions across Six Different Vehicle Systems · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
76. Development of a Steering Entropy Method for Evaluating Driver Workload ↗ · 1999 · Nakayama, Okihiko et al. · indexed
77. Sensitivity of Physiological Measures of Acute Driver Stress: A Meta-Analytic Review · 2021 · Kerautret, Laora et al. · archived
78. The Event-Related Brain Potential as a Selective Index of Display Load ↗ · 1979 · Isreal, Jack B. et al. · indexed
79. Mental workload of common voice-based vehicle interactions across six different vehicle systems · 2014 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
80. Physiological Methods and Measurements in Driving Simulation ↗ · 2004 · Rizzo, Matthew · indexed
81. The effect of cognitive load on Detection-Response Task (DRT) performance during day- and night-time driving: A driving simulator study · 2023 · Öztürk, İbrahim et al. · archived
82. The Effects of Cognitive and Visual Workload on Peripheral Detection in the Detection Response Task ↗ · 2018 · van Winsum, Wim · indexed
83. The impact of repeated cognitive tasks on driving performance and visual attention ↗ · 2010 · Wang, Ying et al. · indexed
84. Classification of Driver Cognitive Load: Exploring the Benefits of Fusing Eye-Tracking and Physiological Measures ↗ · 2022 · He, Dengbo et al. · indexed
85. Detecting driver fatigue using heart rate variability: A systematic review · 2022 · Lu, Ke et al. · archived
86. Blink Rate as a Measure of Driver Workload during Simulated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Yahoodik, Sarah et al. · indexed
87. Assessing the visual and cognitive demands of in-vehicle information systems · 2019 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
88. Effects of Secondary Task Demands on Drivers’ Responses to Events During Driving: Surrogate Methods and Issues · 2007 · Angell, Linda S · archived
89. Subjective mental workload measurement using video fragments ↗ · 2014 · Christoph, M. et al. · indexed
90. Real-Time Cognitive Load Measurement of Pupillary Oscillation ↗ · 2026 · Duchowski, Andrew · indexed
91. The Event-Related Brain Potential as an Index of Display-Monitoring Workload ↗ · 1980 · Isreal, Jack B. et al. · indexed
92. Workload Related Changes In Eye, Cardiac, Respiratory and Brain Activity During Simulated Air Traffic Control ↗ · 1995 · Wilson, Glenn F. et al. · indexed
93. 2C4-2 Validation of a driving simulator for driver distraction research on a two-lane highway · 2015 · Son, Joonwoo et al. · archived
94. Human Mental Workload: A Survey and a Novel Inclusive Definition · 2022 · Longo, Luca et al. · archived
95. Age Related Changes in Cognitive Response Style in the Driving Task: Part II · 2013 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
96. Modeling Driver Behavior and Aggressiveness Using Biobehavioral Methods - Phase I · 2018 · Kondyli, Alexandra et al. · archived
97. Modeling cognitive load effects of conversation between a passenger and driver · 2017 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
98. Development and Evaluation of New Anchors for Ratings of Driving Workload · 2012 · Lin, Brian T W et al. · archived
99. Development of the Enhanced Peripheral Detection Task: A Surrogate Test for Driver Distraction ↗ · 2012 · Hsieh, Li et al. · indexed
100. Exploring the Influence of Light and Cognitive Load on Pupil Diameter in Driving Simulator Studies · 2011 · Palinko, Oskar et al. · archived
101. Physiological Data Used to Measure Pilot Workload in Actual Flight and Simulator Conditions ↗ · 1987 · Wilson, Glenn F. et al. · indexed
102. Heatmap-Based Method for Estimating Drivers' Cognitive Distraction · 2020 · Musabini, Antonyo et al. · archived
103. Investigating Driver Sympathetic Arousal under Short-term Loads and Acute Stress Events ↗ · 2016 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
104. Recording of Psychophysiological Data During Aerobatic Training ↗ · 2011 · Dahlström, Nicklas et al. · indexed
105. A Review of the Mental Workload Literature ↗ · 2007 · Cain, Brad · indexed
106. Workload State Classification With Automation During Simulated Air Traffic Control ↗ · 2007 · Kaber, David B. et al. · indexed
107. On validating a generic camera-based blink detection system for cognitive load assessment · 2023 · Biondi, Francesco N. et al. · archived
108. Validation of a one-item acute stress scale for driving tasks · 2024 · Dahlman, Anna Sjörs et al. · archived
109. EEG-Based Mental Workload Neurometric to Evaluate the Impact of Different Traffic and Road Conditions in Real Driving Settings ↗ · 2018 · Di Flumeri, Gianluca et al. · indexed
110. Corrigendum: Assessing the Driver's Current Level of Working Memory Load With High Density Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy: A Realistic Driving Simulator Study · 2018 · Unni, Anirudh et al. · archived
111. Real-Time Prediction of Fluctuations in Cognitive Workload · 2019 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
112. Physiological metrics of mental workload: A review of recent progress ↗ · 2020 · Kramer, Arthur F. · indexed
113. Classification of Driver Cognitive Load in Conditionally Automated Driving: Utilizing Electrocardiography and Eye Tracking · 2024 · Shi, Wenxin et al. · archived
114. Toward Workload-Based Adaptive Automation: The Utility of fNIRS for Measuring Load in Multiple Resources in the Brain ↗ · 2023 · Hirshfield, Leanne et al. · indexed
115. AN ALTERNATE METHOD TO EVALUATE DRIVER DISTRACTION ↗ · 2002 · Curry, Reates et al. · indexed
116. Resurrecting Driver Workload Metrics: A Multivariate Approach ↗ · 2015 · Auflick, Jack L. · indexed
117. Dynamic workload measurement and modeling: Driving and conversing · 2023 · Castro, SC et al. · archived
118. SUBJECTIVE AND INDIRECT METHODS TO OBSERVE DRIVER’S DROWSINESS AND ALERTNESS: AN OVERVIEW · 2016 · Khamis, Nor Kamaliana et al. · archived
119. Transport Aircraft Crew Workload Assessment-Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going? ↗ · 1987 · Sandry-Garza, Diane L. et al. · indexed
120. EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR OCULAR MEASUREMENT AS AN INDEX OF FATIGUE AND THE BASIS FOR ALERTNESS MANAGEMENT ↗ · 1998 · Dinges, David F. et al. · indexed
121. Competing for cognitive resources: Measuring workload in a time pressured dual-task environment. · 2018 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
122. Evaluation of techniques for ocular measurement as an index of fatigue and as the basis for alertness management · 1998 · Dinges, David F. et al. · archived
123. Distraction Assessment Methods Based on Visual Behavior and Event Detection ↗ · 2008 · Victor, Trent et al. · indexed
124. Assessing cognitive distraction using event related potentials ↗ · 2015 · Coleman, JR et al. · indexed
125. No difference in arousal or cognitive demands between manual and partially automated driving: A multi-method on-road study · 2021 · Lohani, M et al. · archived
126. Classification of Driver Cognitive Load based on Physiological Data: Exploring Recurrent Neural Networks · 2022 · Kumar, Shekhar et al. · archived
127. Preface to the special section on measuring cognitive workload in human factors ↗ · 2021 · Biondi, FN et al. · indexed
128. Diagnosticity and multidimensional subjective workload ratings ↗ · 1996 · TSANG, PAMELA S. et al. · indexed
129. EEG-Based Mental Workload Recognition in Human Factors Evaluation of Future Air Traffic Control Systems · 2017 · Yisi, Liu et al. · archived
130. SUITABILITY OF HEART RATE RECORDING AS PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES TOOL TO DETERMINE DRIVERS' PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY · 2016 · Khamis, Nor Kamaliana et al. · archived
131. Display formats and commercial vehicle operator (CVO) workload · 1997 · Carney, Cher et al. · archived
132. Research On Vehicle-Based Driver Status/Performance Monitoring; Development, Validation, And Refinement Of Algorithms For Detection Of Driver Drowsiness, Final Report · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
133. Visual and cognitive demands of using in-vehicle infotainment systems · 2017 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
134. Cardiac Autonomic Control During Simulated Driving With a Concurrent Verbal Working Memory Task ↗ · 2009 · Lenneman, John K. et al. · indexed
135. Real-Time Assessment of Mental Workload Using Psychophysiological Measures and Artificial Neural Networks ↗ · 2003 · Wilson, Glenn F. et al. · indexed
136. An Evaluation of Emerging Driver Fatigue Detection Measures and Technologies [Final report] · 2009 · Barr, Lawrence et al. · archived
137. Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile III: A Comparison of Ten 2015 In-Vehicle Information Systems · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
138. From Driver to Supervisor: Comparing Cognitive Load and EEG-based Attentional Resource Allocation across Automation Levels · 2023 · Figalova, Nikol et al. · archived
139. Methods in cognitive pupillometry: Design, preprocessing, and statistical analysis · 2022 · Mathôt, Sebastiaan et al. · archived
140. Tracking drivers’ minds: Continuous evaluation of mental load and cognitive processing in a realistic driving simulator scenario by means of the EEG ↗ · 2023 · Wascher, Edmund et al. · indexed
141. Increased Postural Demand Is Associated With Greater Cognitive Workload in Healthy Young Adults: A Pupillometry Study ↗ · 2018 · Kahya, Melike et al. · indexed
142. Task acceptability and workload of driving city streets, rural roads, and expressways : ratings from video clips. · 2007 · Schweitzer, Jason et al. · archived
143. Classifying Drivers' Cognitive Load Using EEG Signals ↗ · 2017 · Barua Shaibal et al. · indexed
144. N-back Temporal Stability: The Auditory N-back Task as an Unstable Measurement Standard · 2019 · Wheatley, Camille L. et al. · archived
145. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 2, standard vehicle configuration/specifications · 1996 · Turanski, Alan et al. · archived
146. Grasping the sporadic nature of electrodermal activity provides robust assessment of different cognitive load even in a perturbated status induced by sleep debt ↗ · 2025 · Boffet, Alexis et al. · indexed
147. Assessment of Driver Cognitive Load in Autonomous Driving Using Extended Reality Simulation ↗ · 2026 · Hatchett, Seth et al. · indexed
148. Using Smartbands, Pupillometry and Body Motion to Detect Discomfort in Automated Driving · 2018 · Beggiato, Matthias et al. · archived
149. Driving Performance, Adaptation, and Cognitive Workload Costs of Logo Panel Detection as Mediated by Driver Age · 2017 · Lau, Mei Ying et al. · archived
150. The Underpinnings of Workload in Unmanned Vehicle Systems · 2017 · Hooey, Becky L. et al. · archived
151. Human-Machine Interface Evaluation Using EEG in Driving Simulator · 2023 · Liu, Yuan-Cheng et al. · archived
152. Validation of a Driving Simulation Facility for Instrument Panel Task Performance ↗ · 1990 · Kurokawa, Ko et al. · indexed
153. Physiological and Response Measurements in Driving Tasks ↗ · 1972 · Weir, David H. et al. · indexed
154. An investigation into physiological responses in driving simulators: An objective measurement of presence ↗ · 2015 · Deniaud, Christophe et al. · indexed
155. Driving Simulator System to Evaluate Driver’s Workload Using ADAS in Different Driving Contexts ↗ · 2017 · Caruso, Giandomenico et al. · indexed
156. Behavioral Entropy as an Index of Workload ↗ · 2000 · Boer, Erwin R. · indexed
157. Assessing Methods of Enhancing Older Driver Performance · 2013 · Mehler, Bruce · archived
158. Driving Simulator Based Interactive Experiments : Understanding Driver Behavior, Cognition and Technology Uptake under Information and Communication Technologies · 2018 · Agrawal, Shubham et al. · archived
159. What's on your mind? A Mental and Perceptual Load Estimation Framework towards Adaptive In-vehicle Interaction while Driving · 2022 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
160. Psychological and Psychophysiological Models of Pilot Performance for Systems Development and Mission Evaluation ↗ · 2002 · Svensson, Erland et al. · indexed
161. Driver State Modeling through Latent Variable State Space Framework in the Wild · 2022 · Tavakoli, Arash et al. · archived
162. Predicting Dual-Task Performance With the Multiple Resources Questionnaire (MRQ) ↗ · 2007 · Boles, David B. et al. · indexed
163. Mental workload and cognitive task automaticity: an evaluation of subjective and time estimation metrics ↗ · 1994 · Liu, Yili et al. · indexed
164. Novel Estimation of Pilot Performance Characteristics · 2017 · Bachelder, Edward et al. · archived
165. The effects of voice system design components on driver workload ↗ · 2018 · Getty, D et al. · indexed
166. Dissociating eye movements and workload on lateral lane position variability · 2010 · Medeiros-Ward, N et al. · archived
167. PERCLOS: A Valid Psychophysiological Measure of Alertness As Assessed by Psychomotor Vigilance · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
168. Measuring the Useful Field of View During Simulated Driving With Gaze-Contingent Displays · 2016 · Gaspar, John G. et al. · archived
169. Cognitive Workload Estimation in Conditionally Automated Vehicles Using Transformer Networks Based on Physiological Data · 2024 · Wang, Ange et al. · archived
170. Psychophysiological Test Methods and Procedures ↗ · 2019 · Wilson, Glenn F. · indexed
171. Driver arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation: A pilot study · 2020 · Lohani, M et al. · archived
172. The measurement of drivers' mental workload ↗ · 1996 · de Waard, Dick · indexed
173. Monitoring Driver Physiological Parameters for Improved Safety ↗ · 2006 · Partin, Dale L. et al. · indexed
174. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 7B, in-cab text message system and cellular phone use by heavy vehicle drivers in a part-task driving simulator · 1996 · Hanowski, Richard et al. · archived
175. Physiological Correlates of Behavioral Performance on the Mathematical Processing Subtest of the Cts Battery ↗ · 1987 · Yolton, R L et al. · indexed
176. Comparison Between Visual and Tactile Signal Detection Tasks Applied to the Safety Assessment of In-Vehicle Information Systems ↗ · 2005 · Engström, Johan et al. · indexed
177. Event-Related Brain Potentials and Resource Allocation: From Dual-Task Decrements to Dual-Task Integrality ↗ · 1985 · Kramer, Arthur F. et al. · indexed
178. Exploring the effects of visual cognitive load and illumination on pupil diameter in driving simulators ↗ · 2012 · Palinko, Oskar et al. · indexed
179. DEVELOPING AN APPROACH TO MULTIMODAL QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INTERVIEWERS’ COGNITIVE LOAD: FIRST RESULTS OF A FIELD QUASI EXPERIMENT · 2018 · Deviatko, I F · archived
180. Effects of non-driving related tasks on mental workload and take-over times during conditional automated driving · 2021 · Müller, Andreas et al. · archived
181. Physiological measurement of situation awareness: a study of the validity of EEG and fNIRS during performance and automation monitoring in a complex task ↗ · 2025 · Festa, Elena K. et al. · indexed
182. How to measure monotony-related fatigue? A systematic review of fatigue measurement methods for use on driving tests ↗ · 2018 · Bier, Lukas et al. · indexed
183. Driver's arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation · 2020 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
184. The Dissociation between Subjective Workload and Performance: A Multiple Resource Approach ↗ · 1983 · Wickens, Christopher D. et al. · indexed
185. Effects of visual and verbal presentation on cognitive load in vigilance, memory, and arithmetic tasks ↗ · 2010 · Klingner, Jeff et al. · indexed
186. The Critical Tracking Task ↗ · 2013 · Petzoldt, Tibor et al. · indexed
187. Driver's arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation · 2020 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
188. Are Electrodermal Activity-Based Indicators of Driver Cognitive Distraction Robust to Varying Traffic Conditions and Adaptive Cruise Control Use? · 2025 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
189. The Auditory N-back Task: An Unstable Measurement Standard? · 2019 · Cooper, Joel M. et al. · archived
190. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment: Task 7b: In-cab text message system and cellular phone use by heavy vehicle drivers in a part-task driving simulator · 1996 · Hanowski, Richard et al. · archived
191. Predicting cognitive load in immersive driving scenarios with a hybrid CNN-RNN model · 2024 · Khan, Mehshan Ahmed et al. · archived
192. An Analysis of the Processing Requirements of a Complex Perceptual-Motor Task ↗ · 1983 · Kramer, Arthur F. et al. · indexed
193. An Assessment of Behavioral Tests to Detect Impaired Drivers · 1981 · Snapper, K. J. (Kurt J.) et al. · archived
194. Real Time Classification of Cognitive Load Using fNIRS and EEGNet in a Driving Simulation Task ↗ · 2025 · Khan, Mehshan Ahmed et al. · indexed
195. Load-Dependent Relationship Between Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Pupil Diameter in the Context of Driving ↗ · 2025 · Akimoto, Yoritaka et al. · indexed
196. A Mental Model Perspective of a Driver Workload System ↗ · 2010 · Curry, Reates et al. · indexed
197. Physiological Correlates of Objective Situation Awareness Measurements ↗ · 2023 · Smith, Kieran et al. · indexed
198. The Smartphone and the Driver’s Cognitive Workload: A Comparison of Apple, Google, and Microsoft’s Intelligent Personal Assistants · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
199. Analysis of Autonomic Indexes on Drivers' Workload to Assess the Effect of Visual ADAS on User Experience and Driving Performance in Different Driving Conditions ↗ · 2018 · Ariansyah, Dedy et al. · indexed
200. Driving Assessment Tools Used by Driver Rehabilitation Specialists: Survey of Use and Implications for Practice ↗ · 2013 · Dickerson, Anne E. · indexed
201. Enhancing surgical training through cognitive load assessment ↗ · 2025 · Wu, Yun et al. · indexed
202. The Smartphone and the Driver’s Cognitive Workload: A Comparison of Apple, Google, and Microsoft’s Intelligent Personal Assistants · 2015 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
203. Age related changes in cognitive response style in the driving task. · 2009 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
204. A STEERING WHEEL REVERSAL RATE METRIC FOR ASSESSING EFFECTS OF VISUAL AND COGNITIVE SECONDARY TASK LOAD ↗ · 2006 · Marrkula, G et al. · indexed
205. The impact of eye movements and cognitive workload on lateral position variability in driving · 2013 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
206. In-Vehicle Interface Adaptation to Environment-Induced Cognitive Workload · 2022 · Meiser, Elena et al. · archived
207. Machine Learning models for the Identification of Cognitive Tasks using Autonomic Reactions from Heart Rate Variability and Electrodermal Activity ↗ · 2019 · Posada-Quintero, Hugo F. et al. · indexed
208. Diagnostic tools for identifying sleepy drivers in the field. · 2013 · Rizzo, Matthew et al. · archived
209. The Psychophysics of Workload — A Second Look at the Relationship between Subjective Measures and Performance ↗ · 1985 · Gopher, Daniel et al. · indexed
210. VISUAL AND MANUAL DEMANDS OF IN-CAR CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS ↗ · 1993 · Wierwille, Walter W. · indexed
211. Type A behavior pattern, multiple-task performance, and subjective estimation of mental workload · 1985 · Damos, Diane L. et al. · archived
212. This is your brain on autopilot 2.0: The influence of practice on driver workload and engagement during on-road, partially automated driving · 2024 · McDonnell, AS et al. · archived
213. Driver Situation Awareness and Cognitive Workload Effects of Novel Interchange Configurations and Associated Signage · 2022 · Liu, Yunmei et al. · archived
214. A survey of the relationship between the mental workload and cognitive failure in taxi drivers, 2017 ↗ · 2017 · Kazemi, Reza et al. · indexed
215. Detecting fatigued drivers with vehicle simulators ↗ · 2019 · Stein, Anthony C. · indexed
216. Optic Flow and Tunnel Vision in the Detection Response Task ↗ · 2019 · van Winsum, Wim · indexed
217. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability as an indicator of driver fatigue ↗ · 1982 · Egelund, Niels · indexed
218. Effects of physical workload on cognitive task performance and situation awareness ↗ · 2006 · Perry, Carlene M. et al. · indexed
219. Predicting driver fatigue using HRV measures and machine learning. · 2026 · Puspasari, MA et al. · archived
220. Considerations for the development of a driver distraction safety rating system for new vehicles · 2020 · Imberger, K · archived
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263. Temporal Analysis of Cognitive Workload During Manual and Partial Driving Automation Based on the Detection Response Task ↗ · 2025 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
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287. Stress Levels Escalate When Repeatedly Performing Tasks Involving Threats · 2019 · Bertilsson, Johan et al. · archived
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289. Evaluating the efficiency and ergonomics of a novel smart surgical lighting system: a passive oddball experiment with EEG measurements to assess workplace strain in clinical settings · 2025 · Schneider, Tim et al. · archived
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312. In a Concurrent Memory and Auditory Perception Task, the Pupil Dilation Response Is More Sensitive to Memory Load Than to Auditory Stimulus Characteristics ↗ · 2019 · Zekveld, Adriana A. et al. · indexed
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322. Deep Learning Forecast of Cognitive Workload Using fNIRS Data · 2024 · Grimaldi, Nicolas et al. · archived
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