What Is a Vision Zero Policy? Lessons from a Multi-sectoral Perspective

Kristianssen, Ann-Catrin; Andersson, Ragnar · 2022 · OpenAlex-citations

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_4-1

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Summary

This paper examines the conceptual definition and practical implementation of "Vision Zero" policies across multiple sectors, moving beyond its origins in road traffic safety. The authors address the research question of what constitutes a Vision Zero policy by comparing five distinct Swedish cases: road traffic safety, fire safety, patient safety, suicide prevention, and workplace safety. The study is motivated by the diffusion of the Vision Zero concept from its initial success in reducing traffic fatalities to other injury-prevention domains, raising questions about whether the approach is universally applicable or requires specific structural prerequisites to be effective. The methodology employs a comparative policy content analysis based on a theoretical framework that distinguishes between visions as inspirational tools and policies as concrete implementation programs. The authors analyze each of the five cases using four specific criteria: problem framing, monitoring and surveillance systems, means and programs (measures), and governing structures. This framework allows for a systematic comparison of how each sector adopts the "zero fatalities" goal, the attribution of responsibility, and the presence of systemic approaches versus individual-focused strategies. The findings reveal significant variations in how Vision Zero is operationalized across sectors. While all five policies share the goal of eliminating deaths and serious injuries, their problem framing and responsibility attribution differ markedly. The road traffic safety policy serves as the model, featuring a "safe system" approach where responsibility lies with system designers rather than individuals, supported by robust monitoring and scientific evidence. In contrast, the fire safety and suicide policies largely lack this systemic approach; fire safety places responsibility on individuals and businesses due to legal constraints, while suicide prevention faces internal resistance and lacks strong agency support. Patient safety adopts a systemic view but struggles with coordination across fragmented public and private actors. The authors note that while all cases have measures in place, the road traffic policy is unique in its comprehensive management-by-objectives monitoring system. The significance of the study lies in its identification of four critical criteria for a successful Vision Zero policy: a scientific approach to problem framing, a comprehensive strategy, long-term commitment, and a governance structure based on systemic responsibility. The authors conclude that while these criteria are not strictly required to adopt the label of Vision Zero, they are prerequisites for building a functional system capable of achieving the zero-fatality goal. The paper argues that without these elements, Vision Zero risks becoming merely rhetorical, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between visionary aspirations and actionable, system-based policy innovations.

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• traffic safety culture