Bond Graph Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor

Babangida, Aminu; Husi, Géza; Szemes, Péter · 2022 · Crossref

DOI: 10.17667/riim.2022.1/3.

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Summary

This paper addresses the modeling, simulation, and control of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors (PMLSMs), which are critical components in electric vehicle (EV) propulsion and industrial automation due to their high accuracy, speed, and power density. The research is motivated by the need for efficient, robust drive systems that eliminate mechanical transmission losses. The authors propose a bond graph approach to model the PMLSM as a multi-domain dynamical system, integrating electrical, mechanical, and control domains. This method is selected for its ability to visualize energy transfer and cause-and-effect relationships across subsystems, offering a systematic alternative to conventional electromagnetic transformations. The methodology involves deriving a mathematical model of the PMLSM based on the d-q coordinate system and field-oriented control, assuming symmetrical windings and linear magnetizing characteristics. The motor is approximated as an equivalent circuit similar to a DC motor. Using 20-sim software, the authors construct bond graph models for the motor, the drive system (including the inverter, current regulators, and PWM generator), and the mechanical mechanism. The inverter is represented as an equivalent circuit of operational amplifiers. The global model combines these subsystems to simulate the complete drive response. Model validation is performed by comparing the bond graph-derived transfer function with those obtained from block diagram reduction techniques. Additionally, the study analyzes the drive system's response relative to sensor resolutions and inverter switching frequencies. The results demonstrate that the bond graph model accurately captures the dynamical behavior of the PMLSM, as validated by the consistency between the bond graph and block diagram transfer functions. The simulation reveals that higher inverter switching frequencies yield faster system responses. Two classical Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers—one continuous and one discrete—were implemented to regulate motor velocity. The comparative analysis of these controllers highlights their performance in controlling the motor's output velocity within the simulated environment. The bond graph successfully integrates the electrical effort and flow variables with mechanical inertia and damping, providing a unified state-space representation of the system. The significance of this work lies in its application of bond graph modeling to complex mechatronic systems, specifically PMLSMs for EV applications. By validating the model through multiple methods and analyzing the impact of drive parameters like switching frequency, the study provides a reliable framework for designing and optimizing linear motor drives. The approach enhances the visual and analytical understanding of energy flow in multi-domain systems, facilitating more efficient control strategies for high-performance electric propulsion. This contributes to the broader field of mechatronics by demonstrating the utility of bond graphs in modeling and controlling advanced electrical machines.

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• simulator validity fidelity