Cooperative Awareness in the Internet of Vehicles for Safety Enhancement

Bazzi, Alessandro; M. Masini, Barbara; Zanella, Alberto · 2017 · Crossref

DOI: 10.4108/eai.31-8-2017.153052

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Summary

This paper investigates the performance of cooperative awareness in the Internet of Vehicles, specifically focusing on Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications using the IEEE 802.11p standard. The research is motivated by the need to enhance road safety through the broadcast of periodic beacon messages containing vehicle status and movement data. While IEEE 802.11p is the de facto standard for V2V, existing literature often lacks realistic mobility models or fails to account for physical layer settings and environmental obstacles. This study aims to provide design guidelines by evaluating how traffic density, physical obstacles, and modulation and coding schemes (MCS) impact reception reliability and information update delay. The authors conducted large-scale simulations involving hundreds of nodes in a realistic 2.88 km² urban area of Bologna, Italy. The simulation platform combined the SHINE network simulator with the VISSIM traffic simulator to model IEEE 802.11p protocols, including CSMA/CA access, random backoff, and collisions. Two traffic scenarios were tested: fluent traffic (approx. 455 vehicles) and congested traffic (approx. 670 vehicles). The study evaluated eight different MCS modes, varying data rates from 3 Mb/s to 27 Mb/s, and beacon sizes of 100 or 200 bytes. Propagation models accounted for line-of-sight (LOS) conditions and non-LOS attenuation caused by buildings. Key performance metrics included Beacon Delivery Rate (BDR), update delay, and the maximum range at which a minimum BDR of 0.9 was maintained. Results indicate that traffic density and physical obstacles significantly degrade communication performance. In congested scenarios, the number of neighbors within transmission range increased substantially, leading to higher collision probabilities. The study found that lower data rate modes (e.g., Mode 1, 3 Mb/s) provided greater transmission ranges (up to 740 m) but suffered from longer transmission durations, increasing channel occupancy and interference. Conversely, higher data rate modes (e.g., Mode 8, 27 Mb/s) reduced transmission time but offered shorter ranges (approx. 125 m). Obstacles such as buildings further reduced reliability by blocking LOS paths. The analysis revealed that while end-to-end latency remained below the required 100 ms threshold, maintaining high BDR in dense, obstructed urban environments requires careful selection of MCS modes to balance range and channel load. The significance of this work lies in its provision of practical guidelines for designing V2V safety applications under realistic conditions. By demonstrating the trade-offs between MCS settings, traffic density, and environmental factors, the paper helps optimize beaconing strategies for cooperative awareness. The findings suggest that system design must account for the specific urban topology and traffic conditions to ensure reliable safety-critical communications, rather than relying on idealized or highway-specific assumptions. This contributes to the broader development of connected vehicle technologies by validating IEEE 802.11p performance in complex, real-world scenarios.

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• v2x connected vehicle