Path Loss Modeling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications

Karedal, Johan; Czink, Nicolai; Paier, Alexander; Tufvesson, Fredrik; Molisch, Andreas F. · 2010 · OpenAlex-citations

DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2010.2094632

archive: archived pipeline: cataloged verified

Get this paper ↗ (DOI — opens at the source; we link to it, we don't host it)

Summary

This paper addresses the lack of comprehensive path loss data for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, a critical parameter for designing wireless systems for traffic safety and interference management. While previous studies existed, they were often limited in scope or based on single measurement campaigns, preventing statistically reliable conclusions. The authors aim to provide parameterized path loss models for four distinct propagation environments: highway, rural, urban, and suburban. The study utilizes extensive measurement data collected in Lund, Sweden, in 2007, using the RUSK LUND channel sounder. The equipment operated at a center frequency of 5.2 GHz with a bandwidth of 240 MHz, employing four-element patch antenna arrays mounted on pickup trucks at a height of approximately 2.4 meters. Measurements were conducted with vehicles traveling in convoys or in opposite directions. The dataset comprises 52 million time samples across 100 individual measurement runs: 21 highway, 44 rural, 25 urban, and 10 suburban. Path loss was derived from the complex channel transfer functions by averaging small-scale fading over intervals corresponding to vehicle movement of 20 wavelengths (convoy) or 10 wavelengths (opposite direction). Distance was estimated using the propagation delay of the first arriving multipath component rather than GPS data, which proved inaccurate at short ranges. The results indicate that path loss exponents are consistently low across all environments, implying that signal attenuation increases more slowly with distance than in free space. This phenomenon is attributed to significant multipath energy supplementing the line-of-sight path. For the rural environment, the data exhibited a structure consistent with a two-ray propagation model, which was adopted for modeling distances greater than 20 meters. In contrast, highway, urban, and suburban environments were modeled using a classical power-law model for distances greater than 10 meters. The authors accounted for a systematic offset between forward and reverse path loss measurements by introducing a correction term in the models. Analysis of bandwidth and frequency dependence revealed that model parameters remain stable across 10-MHz subbands, with only minor increases in standard deviation and absolute path loss levels at higher frequencies, likely due to antenna pattern variations. The significance of this work lies in providing robust, empirically derived path loss models for V2V system simulations and design. The finding of low path loss exponents suggests that V2V systems may be more susceptible to interference from distant nodes than previously assumed, necessitating designs that are robust to such interference. The study confirms previous findings for highway, urban, and rural scenarios but highlights discrepancies with earlier work on rural and suburban environments, underscoring the influence of specific local propagation conditions and the need for further diverse studies.

Provenance

The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed.

Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.

Topics

Ranked by relevance to this paper. Hover a topic for its definition.

• v2x connected vehicle