Oxford Cognitive Screen – Brazilian Portuguese version (OCS-Br) A pilot study

Ramos, Claudia Cristina Ferreira; Amado, Daniel Krempel; Borges, Conrado Regis; Bergamaschi, Eduardo de Novaes Costa; Nitríni, Ricardo; Brucki, Sônia Maria Dozzi · 2018 · OpenAlex-citations

DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-040014

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Summary

This pilot study addresses the underdiagnosis of cognitive impairment in stroke patients, a condition that significantly impacts long-term prognosis and rehabilitation planning. Existing screening tools, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), often lack sensitivity for specific post-stroke deficits like aphasia, apraxia, and spatial neglect. To address this gap, the authors aimed to test the applicability and comparability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Br), a stroke-specific screening tool designed to assess domains frequently impaired after stroke while minimizing confounding from motor weakness or language deficits. The study was conducted at the Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, involving a convenience sample of 30 neurologically healthy participants. Participants were native Portuguese speakers screened for cognitive impairment using the MMSE and Pfeffer’s Functional Activities Questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included history of neurological disease, speech or language problems, reading impairment, or learning difficulties. The OCS-Br was developed through translation by three independent translators, cultural adaptation, and back-translation, following guidelines from the original test authors. The OCS consists of ten sub-tests evaluating attention, executive function, memory, language, praxis, number processing, and visuospatial function, designed to be completed in approximately 15 minutes. Results indicated that the Brazilian version yielded scores comparable to the original English version. Mean scores for the OCS-Br tasks were: naming 3.4/4, semantics 3/3, orientation 4/4, visual fields 4/4, sentence reading 14.53/15, number writing 2.86/3, calculation 3.8/4, and broken hearts test accuracy 47.3/50. These values closely mirrored those reported in the original validation study by Demeyere et al. (2015). The study confirmed that all items were well-understood by the participants, suggesting high usability in the Brazilian context. The findings support the validity of the OCS-Br as a comparable instrument to the original OCS, offering a practical tool for detecting cognitive deficits in stroke survivors. The authors conclude that stroke-specific tools like the OCS are superior to general dementia screens for identifying post-stroke cognitive impairment. However, they note limitations, including the small sample size and the relatively high education level of the participants, which does not fully reflect the broader Brazilian population. Future studies with larger, more diverse samples, including acute and chronic stroke patients, are required to fully validate the OCS-Br for clinical use in Brazil.

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• cognitive impairment