Method of reconstructing dynamic load characteristics for durability test Indexed by: of heavy semitrailer under different road conditions
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Summary
This paper presents a methodology for reconstructing dynamic load characteristics to facilitate durability testing of heavy semitrailers under various road conditions. The research addresses the need for reliable accelerated durability tests that accurately reflect real-world operational stresses, which are influenced by road quality, vehicle load, and driving behavior. While road simulators are common for passenger cars, there is a lack of established methodologies for testing heavy-duty vehicles on eight-poster inertia-reacted simulators. The authors aim to validate a process that collects real road data and uses it to control simulator actuators, thereby replicating the dynamic loads experienced by the vehicle structure. The study utilized a 3-axle semitrailer equipped with 21 sensors, including accelerometers, displacement sensors, strain gauges, and pressure sensors, to record physical variables in the time domain. Data was collected from three categories of roads in Poland: local roads (poor surface), national roads (asphalt), and motorways (smooth surface), under both loaded (28 t) and unloaded conditions. To reconstruct the drive data, the authors employed an MTS 320 eight-poster road simulator and Frequency Response Function (FRF) analysis. The FRF model related the simulator’s actuator inputs to the sensor outputs, allowing the calculation of required actuator movements to replicate the recorded road loads. Initial verification was conducted using a speed bump of known geometry to assess the accuracy of the reconstruction. The results demonstrated that the methodology achieved a reconstruction accuracy of up to 97% when comparing the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of real road signals to those generated by the simulator. Verification tests across various speeds (11–25 km/h) showed reconstruction levels between 87% and 98% for acceleration, displacement, and pressure signals. While the simulator did not perfectly replicate the geometric shape of the road profile due to tire dynamics, it accurately reproduced the dynamic loads and forces acting on the vehicle structure. The study also analyzed the variability of parameters across different road types and load conditions, confirming that local roads generated the highest stress levels. The significance of this work lies in providing a validated method for conducting reliable and repeatable durability tests for heavy semitrailers using road simulators. By accurately reconstructing dynamic load conditions rather than just road geometry, the method ensures that fatigue damage assessments reflect real-world usage. This approach allows manufacturers to efficiently test vehicle durability under mixed road conditions and load scenarios, reducing the reliance on extensive real-world mileage testing while maintaining data fidelity.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-24 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-24 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-25 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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- Methodological Resource: validation psychometrics