Adaptive traffic control systems for urban networks

Danilo, Radivojević; Stamenka, Stanković; Nikola, Čelar; Smiljan, Vukanović · 2017 · DOAJ

DOI: 10.5937/tehnika1701098R

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Summary

**Summary** This review paper addresses the lack of accessible technical information regarding Adaptive Traffic Control Systems (ATCS), also referred to as Adaptive Systems for Traffic Management (ASUS). While many urban institutions install these systems to manage variable traffic demands, manufacturers protect their intellectual property, limiting public understanding of operational details, algorithms, and performance characteristics. The authors aim to bridge this gap by analyzing the functionality, advantages, and disadvantages of prominent ATCS implementations worldwide, providing a resource for traffic engineers and municipal decision-makers. The paper categorizes ATCS into three generations based on their adaptability: first-generation systems use historical data for plan selection (e.g., SCATS); second-generation systems adjust parameters periodically using real-time detector data (e.g., SCOOT); and third-generation systems continuously adjust signal parameters to match current traffic conditions, often utilizing decentralized or distributed architectures. The authors review specific systems including SCATS, SCOOT, UTOPIA, OPAC, RHODES, PRODYN, CRONOS, MOTION, BALANCE, ACS Lite, and ACDSS. The analysis covers their architectural structures (centralized vs. decentralized), detection technologies (inductive loops, video, microwave), optimization algorithms (heuristic, rolling horizon, genetic algorithms), and capabilities regarding public transport priority and incident detection. Key findings highlight distinct operational differences among the systems. SCATS is described as a heuristic, decentralized system widely deployed globally; it is simple to operate but reactive, struggling with rapid traffic changes and blocked intersections. SCOOT, a centralized system, uses a theoretical model to optimize split, cycle, and offset, performing well in saturated conditions but suffering from slow reactions due to detector placement. Third-generation systems like UTOPIA, OPAC, and PRODYN employ predictive optimization and rolling horizon techniques, allowing for more proactive control but requiring robust communication infrastructure. The paper notes that many advanced systems (OPAC, RHODES) remained research projects with limited commercial success, while others like MOTION and BALANCE are tailored to specific regional infrastructures. ACDSS is highlighted for its use of travel time data and non-invasive detection in complex environments like New York. The significance of this work lies in its comprehensive comparison of ATCS technologies, clarifying the trade-offs between system complexity, computational requirements, and operational robustness. By detailing the internal logic and limitations of these systems, the paper aids stakeholders in selecting appropriate technologies for specific urban contexts. It underscores that while advanced systems offer superior adaptability, they often demand higher infrastructure costs and technical expertise, whereas simpler systems like SCATS offer stability and ease of maintenance. The review serves as a foundational reference for understanding the evolution and current state of adaptive traffic control strategies.

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• adaptive driving beam