Pedestrian risk analysis at Jl. Raya Citayam – Jl. Boulevard Raya Grand Depok City intersection leg using pedestrian risk index

Elven, Aprilnico; Martha, Leni Siregar · 2019 · DOAJ

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201927603011

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Summary

This study investigates pedestrian safety risks at an intersection leg in Depok, Indonesia, specifically comparing conditions involving zebra crossings versus non-crossing areas and individual versus group pedestrian movements. The research is motivated by high rates of pedestrian-involved traffic accidents in Indonesia, particularly at intersections, and aims to identify factors that significantly influence risk levels despite legal protections for pedestrians. The authors utilize the Pedestrian Risk Index (PRI), derived from Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT) concepts, to quantify risk based on observed conflicts rather than recorded accidents. The methodology involved field observations at a specific intersection leg on Jl. Raya Citayam – Jl. Boulevard Raya Grand Depok City, which lacks traffic signals. Data collection occurred during off-peak hours (13:00–15:30) to ensure normal driver behavior. Ten participants were tasked with crossing the road individually four times and in groups (sizes of four and six) twenty times, across both zebra-crossed and non-crossed lanes. Surveyors recorded conflict events, defined by time-to-collision metrics, along with vehicle speed, longitudinal distance to the crossing, and lateral distance. The study noted several infrastructural deficiencies, including faded markings, lack of stopping lines, and obstructed visibility. Results indicate that 109 out of 160 observed events were classified as conflicts, with 48% occurring at the zebra crossing, contradicting the theoretical expectation that marked crosswalks provide superior protection. Statistical analysis using Student’s t-tests revealed that the mean PRI for single pedestrians was significantly higher than for groups, indicating that crossing in groups is safer, likely due to increased visibility and slower movement speeds. Binary logistic regression identified three significant variables affecting risk probability: the existence of a zebra crossing, the longitudinal distance between the vehicle and the crossing, and vehicle speed. The regression model showed that the presence of a zebra crossing reduces the probability of risk by 0.318, while crossing in a group reduces it by 0.114. Furthermore, risk probability increases with higher vehicle speeds and decreases as the longitudinal distance to the conflict area increases. The study concludes that while zebra crossings and group crossings both mitigate risk, the presence of a zebra crossing has a more substantial impact on reducing pedestrian risk probability than crossing in a group. However, the effectiveness of the zebra crossing in this specific location was compromised by poor infrastructure maintenance and design flaws. The findings suggest that improving the physical condition of crosswalks and managing vehicle speeds are critical for enhancing pedestrian safety. The research highlights that even with protective infrastructure, improper design and maintenance can lead to higher conflict rates, emphasizing the need for comprehensive safety audits beyond mere facility installation.

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• pedestrian behavior perception