Driver alertness monitoring system in the context of safety increasing and sustainable energy use
DOI: 10.55343/cogsust.49
archive: archived pipeline: cataloged verified
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Summary
This paper addresses the development of a standardized firmware development process for Electric Oil Pump (EOP) controllers in hybrid automatic transmissions, utilizing the AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) platform. The research is motivated by the industry trend of replacing mechanical oil pumps with electric ones to improve fuel efficiency and the need to overcome the limitations of legacy non-Operating System (OS) firmware, which is heavily dependent on specific Microcontroller Units (MCUs) and difficult to maintain or update. The study aims to demonstrate that an AUTOSAR-based approach can achieve motor control performance comparable to traditional methods while ensuring software reusability and compliance with ISO 26262 standards. The experimental design involved implementing the Oil Pump Unit (OPU) functions on an Infineon AURIX TC222 microcontroller using ETAS AUTOSAR solutions and Model Based Design tools. The OPU controls a three-phase Brushless DC (BLDC) motor, requiring precise timing with a switching frequency of 8 kHz (125 µs period) and an RPM response time of 0.2 seconds for a 2000 rpm change. Initial attempts using standard AUTOSAR Real-Time Environment (RTE) scheduling and Microcontroller Abstract Layer (MCAL) APIs failed to meet timing requirements. Specifically, the RTE scheduler was not synchronized with the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Interrupt Service Routine (ISR), causing delays in current limit protection, and the MCAL PWM update API took 27.6 µs, which was too slow for the required cycle. To resolve this, the authors developed a Complex Device Driver (CDD) that bypassed standard APIs to directly access the Timer Output Module’s shadow registers. Additionally, they modified the control logic to trigger the motor control task directly within the ADC ISR rather than relying on the RTE scheduler. The results demonstrated that the optimized AUTOSAR architecture successfully synchronized the motor control algorithm with the PWM cycle. By implementing the CDD and direct task activation, the system achieved efficient MCU load reduction and proper execution of current control functions. The final implementation met the target performance metrics, achieving an RPM response time of 0.16 seconds for a 2000 rpm change, which is better than the required 0.2 seconds. This performance is critical for ensuring proper torque supply to the transmission clutches and brakes. The significance of this work lies in proving that AUTOSAR, typically associated with higher-level vehicle control units, can be effectively applied to time-critical, low-level motor control applications like EOPs. By overcoming the inherent latency of standard AUTOSAR components through custom drivers and scheduling adjustments, the study provides a viable pathway for standardizing firmware development in hybrid vehicle components. This approach enhances software maintainability, reduces dependency on specific hardware, and supports the broader adoption of standardized automotive software architectures in powertrain systems.
Provenance
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-19 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-19 |
| verify | partial | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified_with_issues.
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- Methodological Resource: tool software