Pedestrian safety analysis at urban midblock section under mixed traffic conditions using time to collision as surrogate safety measure

Golakiya, Hareshkumar; Chauhan, Ritvik; Bari, Chintaman Santosh; Dhamaniya, Ashish · 2022 · Crossref

DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1117-1128

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Summary

This study addresses the critical issue of pedestrian safety at urban midblock crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions, a scenario prevalent in developing countries like India where historical crash data is often insufficient or unreliable. The research aims to evaluate pedestrian safety using Time-to-Collision (TTC) as a surrogate safety measure (SSM), which allows for the analysis of near-miss conflicts rather than relying solely on recorded accidents. The study specifically investigates how pedestrian gender, group size, vehicle category, and interaction type influence TTC values. Data were collected from four uncontrolled midblock sections in Surat, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, and Jaipur, India. Using videographic surveys, researchers extracted trajectories of pedestrians and vehicles to calculate TTC at regular intervals. The study distinguished between two interaction scenarios: Vehicle Pass First (VPF) and Pedestrian Pass First (PPF). Vehicles were categorized into two-wheelers, three-wheelers, small cars, big cars, and heavy vehicles. Statistical analysis revealed that TTC follows a Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. Descriptive statistics showed that TTC values were higher in VPF scenarios compared to PPF, indicating greater risk in the latter. Furthermore, TTC increased with vehicle size, with heavy vehicles yielding the highest TTC values, while males exhibited lower TTC values than females or groups, suggesting higher risk-taking behavior among male pedestrians. The researchers developed a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to predict TTC based on independent variables including pedestrian gender, group status, vehicle category, interaction type, pedestrian speed, and vehicle speed. The model demonstrated that pedestrian speed and vehicle speed have negative relationships with TTC, while factors like crossing in a group or encountering larger vehicles increase TTC. Additionally, the study employed a clustering approach to define threshold values for TTC, categorizing pedestrian risk levels. The findings confirm that TTC is a sensitive indicator of safety, varying significantly based on user demographics and vehicle types. The significance of this work lies in its provision of a cost-effective, micro-level analytical framework for assessing pedestrian safety in mixed traffic environments where lane discipline is absent. By establishing TTC thresholds and predictive models, the study offers actionable insights for urban planners and traffic engineers to design safer midblock crossing facilities. It highlights the need to account for heterogeneous traffic compositions and behavioral differences among pedestrians when evaluating road safety infrastructure in developing nations.

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• pedestrian behavior perception

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• Empirical Findings: crash risk outcomes