Climate change mitigation in the transport sector and selected co-benefits in Bandung City, Indonesia

Gunawan, Helmi · 2019 · OpenAlex-citations

DOI: 10.3990/1.9789402816549

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Summary

This dissertation investigates climate change mitigation within the transport sector of Bandung City, Indonesia, focusing on the integration of local air quality improvements with global greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction goals. The research is motivated by the significant contribution of urban transport to GHG emissions and local air pollution, alongside the challenges developing cities face in implementing effective mitigation policies. Bandung serves as a critical case study due to its rapid vehicle growth, severe congestion, and status as a major emission source in Java. The study addresses the problem of policy implementation gaps, where national mitigation targets often fail to translate into effective local action, and explores how a "co-benefits" approach—simultaneously tackling local environmental issues and global climate change—can enhance policy effectiveness. The study employs a mixed-methods design grounded in Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) and environmental psychology. The theoretical framework analyzes policy implementation as a multi-actor interaction process driven by actor characteristics and external contexts. Methodologically, the research combines qualitative case study analysis with quantitative survey data. The qualitative component involves interviews with key stakeholders and analysis of secondary data to assess governance structures, actor networks, and policy instruments across multiple levels of government. Specific attention is given to the governance of paratransit systems, such as minibus services, and their role in public transport. The quantitative component utilizes a survey of vehicle users to examine attitudes, behavioral intentions, and travel mode choices regarding climate policies. This survey data is analyzed to understand socio-demographic influences on transport behavior and the perceived feasibility of low-carbon policies. Key findings reveal that while Indonesia has established national mitigation frameworks, local implementation in Bandung is hindered by fragmented governance, unclear responsibilities, and insufficient resources. The analysis of actor interactions shows that local implementers often lack the capacity or motivation to prioritize climate goals over immediate economic or political concerns. The study identifies paratransit as a critical yet poorly regulated component of the transport system, struggling to compete with informal online motorcycle taxis and formal bus rapid transit systems. Survey results indicate that vehicle users’ travel choices are strongly influenced by socio-demographic factors and perceived convenience, with limited awareness of the environmental impacts of their transport modes. Users generally prefer private vehicles due to comfort and flexibility, despite recognizing congestion and air quality issues. The evaluation of policy instruments suggests that many existing measures lack technical feasibility or political support, limiting their potential for GHG reduction and co-benefits realization. The significance of this research lies in its detailed examination of the governance barriers to sustainable urban transport in developing countries. It demonstrates that successful climate mitigation requires not just technical solutions but also robust governance structures that align actor incentives and integrate local co-benefits into policy design. The study contributes to the field by applying Contextual Interaction Theory to transport governance, highlighting the importance of actor characteristics and network dynamics in policy implementation. It provides actionable recommendations for policymakers to improve the coordination between national and local levels, enhance the regulation of paratransit, and design policies that resonate with user behaviors. Ultimately, the dissertation argues that addressing local environmental problems like air quality can serve as a more effective entry point for achieving broader climate change mitigation goals in urban contexts.

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• urban rural setting