Review of electric vehicle energy storage and management system: Standards, issues, and challenges

Hasan, Mohammad Kamrul; Mahmud, Md; Habib, A.K.M. Ahasan; Motakabber, S. M. A.; Islam, Shayla · 2021 · OpenAlex-citations

DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2021.102940

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Summary

This review paper addresses the critical role of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicle (EV) energy storage and management systems, motivated by the growing demand for renewable energy solutions and balanced ecosystems. The authors aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of EV technology, focusing on the components, challenges, and future directions of lithium-ion battery systems. The study synthesizes insights from 101 selected research articles, initially screened from 420 publications, to offer a detailed analysis of energy storage technologies, management strategies, and associated issues. The methodology involves a systematic review of literature covering EV systems, energy storage options (including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and hybrid systems), and energy management systems. The review examines key aspects such as battery monitoring, charge-discharge control, state estimation, protection mechanisms, and cell equalization. It also evaluates critical challenges related to temperature management, safety, life-cycle degradation, memory effects, environmental impact, and recycling processes. The authors analyze various technical approaches, including active balancing circuits, thermal management, and artificial intelligence-based optimization, drawing from recent advancements in power electronics and control systems. The findings highlight that lithium-ion batteries remain the dominant storage technology for EVs due to their high energy density and efficiency, but they face significant challenges in longevity, safety, and environmental sustainability. The review identifies supercapacitors and fuel cells as complementary technologies that can enhance system performance through hybrid storage configurations. Key issues include thermal runaway risks, capacity fade over time, and the complexity of accurate state-of-charge estimation. The paper also notes that advanced battery management systems incorporating real-time monitoring, adaptive control algorithms, and cell equalization techniques are essential for optimizing performance and extending battery life. The significance of this work lies in its synthesis of current knowledge and identification of gaps in EV energy storage and management. It provides researchers and engineers with a structured understanding of existing technologies and challenges, offering recommendations for future research directions. These include developing more robust thermal management systems, improving recycling processes, enhancing the accuracy of battery state estimation, and exploring novel hybrid storage architectures. By consolidating recent advancements and outlining persistent challenges, the review serves as a valuable resource for advancing sustainable EV technologies and supporting the transition to low-carbon energy systems.

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