The Effect of Digital Work Environment on Online Driver Engagement in Indonesia

Kosasih, Nico · 2025 · Crossref

DOI: 10.63985/ttbr.v1i3.33

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Summary

This study investigates the impact of the digital work environment on the engagement of online drivers in Indonesia, addressing a gap in literature regarding gig workers within algorithmic management systems. Motivated by the rapid digital transformation and the shift toward application-based work, the research aims to determine how factors such as technological support, flexible scheduling, and digital communication influence driver motivation and loyalty. The study is grounded in the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), positing that digital resources can enhance engagement if managed effectively to balance autonomy with performance pressures. The research employed a quantitative explanatory design, utilizing purposive sampling to select 150 online drivers who had worked for at least one year and primarily used digital applications for their jobs. Data were collected via a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire assessing the digital work environment and online employee engagement. The instrument’s validity and reliability were confirmed through corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha tests, with both variables demonstrating strong internal consistency. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 26, involving classical assumption tests for normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity, followed by simple linear regression to evaluate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results indicate that the digital work environment has a positive and significant effect on online driver engagement (B = 0.452; p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.285) reveals that 28.5% of the variance in driver engagement is explained by the quality of the digital work environment, while the remaining 71.5% is attributed to other factors. Descriptive statistics showed high mean scores for both the digital work environment (M = 4.21) and engagement (M = 4.35), suggesting that drivers generally perceive their digital ecosystem as supportive. The regression model was statistically significant (F = 28.645; p < 0.005), confirming that improvements in application stability, transparent incentive systems, and effective digital communication directly enhance drivers’ emotional connection and commitment to the platform. The findings reinforce the JD-R and SDT frameworks, demonstrating that digital environments function as both job resources and demands. While features like flexibility and technological support foster engagement, algorithmic control and performance pressure can act as stressors. The study concludes that platform companies must optimize digital infrastructure and ensure digital well-being to sustain engagement. By balancing efficiency with fairness and social support, organizations can mitigate digital fatigue and strengthen the loyalty of gig workers. The research highlights the unique dynamics of algorithmic management in the Indonesian context, offering practical insights for designing digital workplace strategies that enhance both productivity and worker well-being.

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