hands on hands off engagement

Whether a partial-automation system requires continuous physical contact with the steering wheel, and what that requirement does to the driver: hands-on versus hands-off L2 operation, hands-on-wheel torque sensing and nag/escalation strategies, capacitive hands-detection, and the effect of sustained physical engagement on attention, vigilance, and cognitive disengagement. The PHYSICAL ENGAGEMENT requirement and its consequences, distinct from automation_level.l2_supervised (which records the SAE level regardless of hands policy), from driver monitoring by camera/gaze (gaze_based_attention_detection), and from the handback of control itself (takeover_transitions).

501 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Improving Driver Engagement During L2 Automation: A Pilot Study · 2019 · Pradhan, Anuj K et al. · archived
2. Investigation of driving safety in partial driving automation considering driving modes and drivers’ pre-drive states ↗ · 2026 · Zhang, Wei et al. · indexed
3. Human Factors Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Concepts ↗ · 2015 · Blanco, Myra et al. · indexed
4. Is partially automated driving a bad idea? Observations from an on-road study · 2018 · Banks, Victoria A. et al. · archived
5. Disengagement from driving when using automation during a 4-week field trial ↗ · 2021 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
6. Approaches for Developing and Evaluating Emerging Partial Driving Automation System HMIs ↗ · 2024 · Glaser, Yi G. et al. · indexed
7. Impact of physical disengagement on driver alertness: implications for precursors of a fully automated highway system ↗ · 2002 · Hogan, R.M. · indexed
8. Driver’s Arousal and Workload under Partial Vehicle Automation · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
9. Driver Expectations for System Control Errors, Driver Engagement, and Crash Avoidance in Level 2 Driving Automation Systems · 2021 · Russell, Sheldon M. et al. · archived
10. Visual attention and steering wheel control: From engagement to disengagement of Tesla Autopilot ↗ · 2021 · Morando, Alberto et al. · indexed
11. Naturalistic In-Vehicle Task Engagement Across Different Designs of Partial Automation Systems ↗ · 2026 · Noonan, Thomas Z. et al. · indexed
12. Addressing Driver Disengagement and Proper System Use: Human Factors Recommendations for Level 2 Driving Automation Design ↗ · 2021 · Mueller, Alexandra S. et al. · indexed
13. Automation Expectation Mismatch: Incorrect Prediction Despite Eyes on Threat and Hands on Wheel ↗ · 2018 · Victor, Trent et al. · indexed
14. Takeover performance according to the level of disengagement during automated driving · 2022 · Gallouin, Evan et al. · archived
15. Engaging with Highly Automated Driving: To be or Not to be in the Loop? · 2015 · Louw, Tyron et al. · archived
16. Driver Behavior While Operating Partially Automated Systems: Tesla Autopilot Case Study ↗ · 2018 · Shutko, John et al. · indexed
17. Improving Driver Engagement with Level 2 Automated Systems: The Impact of Fully Shared Longitudinal Control ↗ · 2024 · Illgner, Johannes et al. · indexed
18. Challenges in Partially Automated Driving : A Human Factors Perspective ↗ · 2018 · Solís Marcos, Ignacio · indexed
19. Driver-initiated Tesla Autopilot Disengagements in Naturalistic Driving · 2020 · Morando, Alberto et al. · archived
20. Human Factors Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Concepts: Concepts of Operation · 2014 · Marinik, Andrew et al. · archived
21. Driver behavior while using Level 2 vehicle automation: A hybrid naturalistic study · 2023 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
22. Vigilance Decrement During On-Road Partially Automated Driving Across Four Systems · 2023 · Strayer, David L. · archived
23. This is your brain on autopilot 2.0: The influence of practice on driver workload and engagement during on-road, partially automated driving · 2024 · McDonnell, AS et al. · archived
24. Driver Engagement · 2023 · Deiana, Francesco et al. · archived
25. A multi-method approach to understanding drivers' experiences and behavior under partial vehicle automation · 2023 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
26. Keep your hands on the wheel: The effect of driver supervision strategy on change detection, mind wandering, and gaze behavior ↗ · 2023 · Amre, Shruti M. et al. · indexed
27. Are Drivers More Distracted with Level 2 Automated Technologies? A Naturalistic Driving Study Analysis of Frequency, Duration, and Proportion of Time Drivers Engage in Secondary Tasks ↗ · 2026 · Klauer, Sheila et al. · indexed
28. Characterizing Level 2 Automation in a Naturalistic Driving Fleet · 2024 · Perez, Miguel A et al. · archived
29. The "Out-of-the-Loop" concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implications · 2018 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
30. Moving Into the Loop: An Investigation of Drivers' Steering Behavior in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Alsaid, Areen et al. · indexed
31. Effects of vehicle behavior for situation awareness when using a driving automation system ↗ · 2017 · Ishida, Wakana et al. · indexed
32. On the impact of on-road partially-automated driving on drivers’ cognitive workload and attention allocation ↗ · 2024 · Biondi, FN et al. · indexed
33. Awakening the Disengaged: Can Driving-Related Prompts Engage Drivers in Partial Automation? ↗ · 2025 · Bai, Xiaolu et al. · indexed
34. Driver Engagement Strategies for L3 ADS: A Review of the Literature ↗ · 2022 · Prendez, David M. et al. · indexed
35. Equilibrium of Control in Automated Vehicles: Driver Engagement Level and Automation Capability Levels ↗ · 2022 · Degani, Asaf et al. · indexed
36. Countermeasures To Detect and Combat Inattention While Driving Partially Automated Systems · 2023 · Paras, Carolina Rodriguez et al. · archived
37. Driver response and recovery following automation initiated disengagement in real-world hands-free driving ↗ · 2023 · Gershon, Pnina et al. · indexed
38. Bringing a Vehicle to a Controlled Stop: Effectiveness of a Dual-Control Scheme for Identifying Driver Drowsiness and Preventing Lane Departures Under Partial Driving Automation Requiring Hands-on-Wheel · 2022 · Saito, Yuichi et al. · archived
39. Changes in glance and hands-on-wheel behaviors when engaging with non-driving-related tasks while using Tesla Autopilot ↗ · 2025 · Pipkorn, Linda et al. · indexed
40. Behavior change associated with using partial automation among three samples of drivers during a 4-week field trial ↗ · 2025 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
41. Effect of Partially Automated Driving on Mental Workload, Visual Behavior and Engagement in Nondriving-Related Tasks: A Meta-Analysis · 2025 · Vasta, N et al. · archived
42. Use of vehicle behavior for supporting driver’s situation awareness on the automated driving ↗ · 2016 · ISHIDA, Wakana et al. · indexed
43. How to Keep Drivers Attentive during Level 2 Automation? Development and Evaluation of an HMI Concept Using Affective Elements and Message Framing ↗ · 2022 · Hecht, Tobias et al. · indexed
44. Can't Take My Eyes off You: Increasing Task Involvement in Cooperative Driving With Natural Habituated Interfaces ↗ · 2023 · Pichen, Jürgen et al. · indexed
45. The impact of visual user interfaces on drivers’ understanding of driving control mode and hands-on steering wheel requirement in Level 2 automated vehicles · 2024 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · archived
46. Effects of Distraction in On-Road Level 2 Automated Driving: Impacts on Glance Behavior and Takeover Performance ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
47. A Multi-Method Approach to Understanding Drivers’ Experiences and Behavior Under Partial Vehicle Automation · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
48. Underload on the Road: Measuring Vigilance Decrements During Partially Automated Driving · 2021 · McWilliams, Thomas et al. · archived
49. Transition in Different Critical Situations: How Non-Driving Related Tasks Affect Drivers’ Physiological Response and Takeover Behavior After Partial Automation Silent Failures ↗ · 2024 · Xu, Linli et al. · indexed
50. Using Driver State Detection in Automated Vehicles · 2018 · Gaspar, John et al. · archived
51. Effects of Driver Drowsiness on Driving Performance in the Context of Partial Driving Automation Requiring Hands-on-Wheel ↗ · 2020 · Saito, Yuichi et al. · indexed
52. Behavioral Impact of Drivers' Roles in Automated Driving ↗ · 2016 · Reimer, Bryan et al. · indexed
53. Naturalistic Study of Level 2 Driving Automation Functions · 2018 · Russell, Sheldon M. et al. · archived
54. This is your brain on autopilot: Neural indices of driver workload and engagement during partial vehicle automation · 2023 · McDonnell, AS et al. · archived
55. Shift the gaze ↗ · 2026 · Illgner, Johannes et al. · indexed
56. Assessing driver engagement in assisted driving: Insights from Pilot Evaluation, Focus Groups and driving simulator testing · 2024 · Deiana, Francesco et al. · archived
57. Driver's arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation · 2020 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
58. Driver's arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation · 2020 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
59. How Do Non-driving-related Tasks Affect Engagement Under Highly Automated Driving Situations? A Literature Review · 2021 · Jaussein, Marie et al. · archived
60. How Do Drivers Self-Regulate their Secondary Task Engagements? The Effect of Driving Automation on Touchscreen Interactions and Glance Behavior · 2022 · Ebel, Patrick et al. · archived
61. Strategies to Assist Drivers in Remaining Attentive While Under Partially Automated Driving: Verification of Human–Machine Interface Concepts ↗ · 2017 · Llaneras, Robert E. et al. · indexed
62. Comparative Study of Hands-on-Wheel Detection Using Wearable LSTM and Camera-Based Vision Models for Driver Monitoring ↗ · 2025 · Peña, Juan Camilo et al. · indexed
63. Lateral Controllability for Automated Driving (SAE Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Systems) ↗ · 2021 · Garbacik, Neil et al. · indexed
64. Influences of Level 2 Automated Driving on Driver Behaviors: A Comparison With Manual Driving ↗ · 2023 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
65. Designing and Evaluating an Informative Interface for Transfer of Control in a Level 2 Automated Driving System ↗ · 2022 · Roberts, Shannon et al. · indexed
66. Design of Haptic Protection with an Adaptive Level of Authority Based on Risk Indicators under Hands-on Partial Driving Automation · 2021 · Saito, Yuichi et al. · archived
67. Evaluating driver eye glance behavior and secondary task engagement while using driving automation systems ↗ · 2020 · Noble, Alexandria M. et al. · indexed
68. Capturing the Mind: Non-Driving-Related Tasks as a Window into Cognitive Engagement in Automated Driving ↗ · 2024 · Bai, Xiaolu et al. · indexed
69. Research of Steering Grasping to Take over Driver from System ↗ · 2018 · Odate, Shotaro et al. · indexed
70. HEDGEHOG: A Steering Wheel Prototype to Continuously Enhance Driver's Situation Awareness During Conditional Vehicle Automation ↗ · 2022 · Gomes, Guilherme Daniel et al. · indexed
71. Evaluation of Eyes Off Road During L2 Activation on Uncontrolled Access Roadways · 2024 · Anderson, Gabrial T et al. · archived
72. Predicting Driver Takeover Performance in Conditional Automation (Level 3) through Physiological Sensing · 2024 · Deng, Min et al. · archived
73. Physiological Indicators of Driver Workload During Car-Following Scenarios and Takeovers in Highly Automated Driving · 2021 · Radhakrishnan, Vishnu et al. · archived
74. Supervisory Gaze Behaviour Under Different Automation Durations in Level 2 Driving: A First-Order Transition Analysis ↗ · 2026 · Chouchane, Hanna et al. · indexed
75. Biologically Inspired Automotive User Interfaces for Partially and Highly Automated Maneuver Gestures: Final Results and Outlook · 2022 · Herzberger, Nicolas Daniel et al. · archived
76. Investigating the Influence of Takeover Request Warning Methods on Driver Tension in Level 3 Automated Driving · 2025 · Fukuzawa, Taiga et al. · archived
77. Control Task Substitution in Semiautomated Driving · 2012 · Carsten, Oliver et al. · archived
78. Analysis of driver visual attention when driving with different levels of haptic steering guidance ↗ · 2017 · Wang, Zheng et al. · indexed
79. NASA-TLX Workload Under SAE Level 2 and Level 3 Automation Versus Manual: A Meta Analysis approach ↗ · 2026 · Alhujailli, Ashraf · indexed
80. How Resource Demands of Nondriving-Related Tasks and Engagement Time Affect Drivers’ Physiological Response and Takeover Performance in Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Guo, Lie et al. · indexed
81. Consumer Use & Adoption of Advanced Vehicle Systems · 2019 · Seppelt, Bobbie et al. · archived
82. Comparison of Visual Sampling Patterns Under Simulated L2 and L0 Systems ↗ · 2018 · Hatfield, Nathan et al. · indexed
83. No difference in arousal or cognitive demands between manual and partially automated driving: A multi-method on-road study · 2021 · Lohani, M et al. · archived
84. 80 MPH and out-of-the-loop: Effects of real-world semi-automated driving on driver workload and arousal · 2018 · Biondi, FN et al. · archived
85. Linking Behaviour and Perception to Evaluate Meaningful Human Control over Partially Automated Driving · 2026 · George, Ashwin et al. · archived
86. From partial and high automation to manual driving: Relationship between non-driving related tasks, drowsiness and take-over performance ↗ · 2018 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
87. The effect of inconsistent steering guidance during transitions from Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Maggi, Davide et al. · indexed
88. Driver Vigilance Decrement is More Severe During Automated Driving than Manual Driving ↗ · 2022 · Greenlee, Eric T. et al. · indexed
89. Visual gaze and engagement with non-driving related tasks: a driving simulator study with automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
90. The distraction potential of driving a partially automated vehicle through a construction zone · 2025 · Biondi, F et al. · archived
91. Driver behavior and the use of automation in real-world driving ↗ · 2021 · Gershon, Pnina et al. · indexed
92. Driver conflict response during supervised automation: Do hands on wheel matter? ↗ · 2021 · Pipkorn, Linda et al. · indexed
93. Distraction Becomes Engagement in Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Miller, David et al. · indexed
94. Supervising the self-driving car ↗ · 2019 · McKerral, Angus et al. · indexed
95. Impact of Information on Consumer Understanding of a Partially Automated Driving System · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
96. Understanding the Impact of Technology: Do Advanced Driver Assistance and Semi-Automated Vehicle Systems Lead to Improper Driving Behavior? · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
97. Driver Engagement and Fully Shared Longitudinal Control Insights From Real Partially Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2026 · Köning, Lukas et al. · indexed
98. Cooperation Between Vehicle and Driver: Predicting the Driver’s Takeover Capability in Cooperative Automated Driving Based on Orientation Patterns · 2024 · Herzberger, Nicolas et al. · archived
99. Recommendations Supporting Situation Awareness in Partially Automated Driver Assistance Systems ↗ · 2015 · Wulf, Felix et al. · indexed
100. How Do Changes in the External Environment Affect Driving Engagement in Automated Driving? – An Exploratory Study ↗ · 2017 · Toyoda, Heishiro et al. · indexed
101. Human-Centered Intervention Based on Tactical-Level Input in Unscheduled Takeover Scenarios for Highly-Automated Vehicles · 2020 · Kamezaki, Mitsuhiro et al. · archived
102. Transition to manual: Driver behaviour when resuming control from a highly automated vehicle ↗ · 2014 · Merat, Natasha et al. · indexed
103. From Driver to Supervisor: Comparing Cognitive Load and EEG-Based Attentional Resource Allocation Across Automation Levels · 2023 · Figalova, Nikol et al. · archived
104. From Driver to Supervisor: Comparing Cognitive Load and EEG-based Attentional Resource Allocation across Automation Levels · 2023 · Figalova, Nikol et al. · archived
105. Boring But Demanding: Using Secondary Tasks to Counter the Driver Vigilance Decrement for Partially Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Mishler, Scott et al. · indexed
106. Engagement in Non-Driving Related Tasks as a Non-Intrusive Measure for Mode Awareness: A Simulator Study ↗ · 2020 · Forster, Yannick et al. · indexed
107. Effects of Control Transition Strategies and Human-Machine Interface Designs on Driver Performance in Automated Driving Systems · 2024 · Leung, Chokiu et al. · archived
108. Mode Errors and Intentional Violations in Visual Monitoring of Level 2 Driving Automation ↗ · 2020 · Boos, Annika et al. · indexed
109. Using Human-Machine Interfaces To Convey Feedback in Automated Vehicles · 2019 · Shull, Emily et al. · archived
110. Performance of an Additional Task During Level 2 Automated Driving: An On-Road Study Comparing Drivers With and Without Experience With Partial Automation ↗ · 2018 · Solís-Marcos, Ignacio et al. · indexed
111. Fatigue and Voluntary Utilization of Automation in Simulated Driving ↗ · 2012 · Neubauer, Catherine et al. · indexed
112. Haptic Vibration as Mutual Assistance: Enhancing Driver-Automation Collaboration for Safer Takeovers in Conditional Automation ↗ · 2026 · Xu, Jinhui et al. · indexed
113. Ready to transition? Strategies to bring drivers back into the loop upon requests to intervene in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2025 · Heinrich, Luisa Katharina et al. · indexed
114. Effect of Adaptive and Fixed Shared Steering Control on Distracted Driver Behavior · 2021 · Wang, Zheng et al. · archived
115. Driver Assistance after Handover of Control from Automation ↗ · 2018 · Johns, Mishel et al. · indexed
116. The Effects of a Scheduled Driver Engagement Strategy in Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Blommer, Mike et al. · indexed
117. Evaluate driver response to active warning system in level-2 automated vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Atwood, Jonathan R. et al. · indexed
118. Continuous-time feedback device to enhance situation awareness during take-over requests in automated driving conditions ↗ · 2022 · Gomes, Guilherme Daniel et al. · indexed
119. The implication of non-driving activities on situation awareness and take-over performance in level 3 automation ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Lichao et al. · indexed
120. Fatigue and mental underload further pronounced in L3 conditionally automated driving: Results from an EEG experiment on a test track · 2024 · Figalova, Nikol et al. · archived
121. Tesla Autopilot Through Constructions: Investigating the Effect of On-Road Partially-Automated Driving through Construction Zones · 2024 · Biondi, Francesco et al. · archived
122. The Role of Physiological Monitoring in the Implementation of Vehicle Automation ↗ · 2015 · Whitmore, Antony et al. · indexed
123. Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: The Effect of HMI Design on Driver Performance and Behavior · 2023 · Wang, Meng et al. · archived
124. Hands and Feet Free Driving: Ready or Not? ↗ · 2021 · A. Banks, Victoria et al. · indexed
125. Psychophysiological responses to takeover requests in conditionally automated driving · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · archived
126. How to keep drivers engaged while supervising driving automation? A literature survey and categorisation of six solution areas ↗ · 2019 · Cabrall, Christopher D. D. et al. · indexed
127. Effects of Long-Lead Monitoring Requests on Driver Trust, Forward Gaze Rate, and Takeover Performance in Level 3 Automated Driving ↗ · 2026 · Akahoshi, Sakura et al. · indexed
128. Automated Driving: A Literature Review of the Take over Request in Conditional Automation · 2020 · Morales-Alvarez, Walter et al. · archived
129. Supervising the self-driving car: Situation awareness and fatigue during highly automated driving ↗ · 2023 · McKerral, Angus et al. · indexed
130. Examining Driver Vigilance in Partially Automated Vehicles: The Impact of Push Notifications ↗ · 2025 · Proskurin, Aleksei V. et al. · indexed
131. Fatigue and mental underload further pronounced in L3 conditionally automated driving: Results from an EEG experiment on a test track · 2023 · Figalová, Nikol et al. · archived
132. Keeping the driver in the loop through semi-automated or manual lane changes in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2021 · Dillmann, J. et al. · indexed
133. Automated driving experiences, attention, and intentions following extensive on-road usage of a level 2 automation vehicle · 2024 · Sanbonmatsu, DM et al. · archived
134. The Effect of Partial Automation on Driver Attention: A Naturalistic Driving Study ↗ · 2019 · Gaspar, John et al. · indexed
135. Behavioral Adaptations to Lane Keeping Systems: Effects of Exposure and Withdrawal ↗ · 2018 · Miller, Erika E. et al. · indexed
136. Task-Based AR-HUD in Autonomous Driving: Enhancing Driver Agency, Engagement, Attention, and Takeover Performance · 2026 · Sun, Bingxin et al. · archived
137. Adjustable automation and manoeuvre control in automated driving ↗ · 2019 · Siebert, Felix Wilhelm et al. · indexed
138. Authority transfer method from automated to manual driving via haptic shared control ↗ · 2016 · Wada, Takahiro et al. · indexed
139. Transition of Control: Automation Giving Back Control to the Driver · 2021 · Willemsen, Dehlia et al. · archived
140. Psychophysiological responses to takeover requests in conditionally automated driving · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · archived
141. Development of Situational Awareness Enhancing System for Manual Takeover of AV · 2023 · Li, Yujie et al. · archived
142. Driver Adaptation to Vehicle Automation: The Effect of Driver Assistance Systems on Driving Performance and System Monitoring · 2022 · Weaver, Starla et al. · archived
143. Reduced Attention Allocation during Short Periods of Partially Automated Driving: An Event-Related Potentials Study · 2017 · Solís-Marcos, Ignacio et al. · archived
144. A Dataset on Takeover during Distracted L2 Automated Driving · 2025 · Hwang, Jiwoo et al. · archived
145. Haptics based multi-level collaborative steering control for automated driving · 2023 · Nakade, Tomohiro et al. · archived
146. Partially automated driving has higher workload than manual driving: An on‐road comparison of three contemporary vehicles with SAE Level 2 features · 2022 · Kim, Jisun et al. · archived
147. Which accuracy levels of positioning technologies do drivers really need in connected vehicle settings for safety? · 2021 · Du, Na et al. · archived
148. Effect of instructing system limitations on the intervening behavior of drivers in partial driving automation · 2019 · Zhou, H. P. et al. · archived
149. Enhancing situational awareness in highly automated vehicles through driver monitoring ↗ · 2019 · Kashef, Omeed et al. · indexed
150. Effectiveness and Workload Reduction Model of Hands-off Function in Driver Assistance System · 2022 · TSUKADA, Takemi et al. · archived
151. Acclimatizing to automation: Driver workload and stress during partially automated car following in real traffic · 2019 · Heikoop, Daniël D. et al. · archived
152. Driver arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation: A pilot study · 2020 · Lohani, M et al. · archived
153. Inferring Takeover in SAE Level 2 Automated Vehicles Using Driver-Based Behavioral and Psychophysiological Signals ↗ · 2022 · Konishi, Matthew et al. · indexed
154. A Driver Situational Awareness Estimation System Based on Standard Glance Model for Unscheduled Takeover Situations ↗ · 2019 · Hayashi, Hiroaki et al. · indexed
155. Assessing Cognitive Workload and Driver Performance: A Comparative Study of Pneumatic and Vibrotactile Haptic Alerts for Takeover Requests in Autonomous Vehicles · 2025 · Liu, Yang et al. · archived
156. The monitoring requests on young driver’s fatigue and take-over performance in prolonged conditional automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Yin, Juan et al. · indexed
157. Effects of levels of automation and non-driving related tasks on driver performance and workload: A review of literature and meta-analysis ↗ · 2022 · Shahini, Farzaneh et al. · indexed
158. Design and Development of a Tactile Takeover Warning System Using a Tactile Seat for Automated Driving · 2025 · Shi, Jinlei et al. · archived
159. Analysis of Visual Scanning Patterns Comparing Drivers of Simulated L2 and L0 Systems ↗ · 2019 · Hatfield, Nathan et al. · indexed
160. Effects of Task-Induced Fatigue in Prolonged Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Jarosch, Oliver et al. · indexed
161. Insights for the Future of Car Rental and Ridesharing: Driving Behavior Across Different Levels of Automation · 2025 · Meda, Pranav et al. · archived
162. The effect of motor control requirements on drivers’ eye-gaze pattern during automated driving ↗ · 2020 · Goncalves, Rafael C. et al. · indexed
163. Modeling driver-vehicle interaction in automated driving Modellierung der Fahrer-Fahrzeug-Interaktion beim automatisierten Fahren · 2022 · Nobari, Khazar Dargahi et al. · archived
164. The Effect of Secondary Cognitive Task Difficulty on Headway Maintenance and Perceived Workload While Using Lane Keeping Systems ↗ · 2019 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
165. Influences of Combined Use of Level 2 Automated Driving and Manual Driving on Vigilance Decrements in Long Time Driving · 2022 · Yoshiyama, Kohei et al. · archived
166. Comparing Coupled and Decoupled Steering Interface Designs for Emergency Obstacle Evasion ↗ · 2021 · Bhardwaj, Akshay et al. · indexed
167. Effects of dual-message tactile sliding takeover requests on takeover performance in an automated driving system ↗ · 2024 · Qiu, Zihao et al. · indexed
168. Ready to Transition? Strategies to Bring Drivers Back into the Loop Upon Requests to Intervene in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2024 · Heinrich, Luisa Katharina et al. · indexed
169. Driver adaptation to lane keeping assistance systems: Do drivers become less vigilant? ↗ · 2017 · Miller, Erika E. et al. · indexed
170. Triboelectric sensor gloves for real-time behavior identification and takeover time adjustment in conditionally automated vehicles · 2025 · Lu, Xiao et al. · archived
171. Improving Driver Performance and Experience in Assisted and Automated Driving With Visual Cues in the Steering Wheel ↗ · 2022 · Diederichs, Frederik et al. · indexed
172. Drivers’ Performance in Non-critical Take-Overs From an Automated Driving System—An On-Road Study ↗ · 2022 · Rydström, Annie et al. · indexed
173. Adaptive automation: automatically (dis)engaging automation during visually distracted driving ↗ · 2018 · Cabrall, Christopher D.D. et al. · indexed
174. The use of cardiac-based metrics to assess secondary task engagement during automated and manual driving: An experimental simulation study · 2023 · Luigi Di Stasi, Leandro et al. · archived
175. Driver Movement Patterns Indicate Distraction and Engagement ↗ · 2017 · Radwin, Robert G. et al. · indexed
176. Quantitative Evaluation of Attention to the Driving Environment During Automated Driving at Levels 3 using ERP: Evaluation of Psychophysiological State of Driver ↗ · 2018 · Murase, Tomohiro et al. · indexed
177. The Haptic Link Enabling Driver-Automation Teaming ↗ · 2024 · Nakade, Tomohiro et al. · indexed
178. 62‐3: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Human Interface Design in Transition from Automated Driving to Manual Driving ↗ · 2018 · Sato, Toshihisa · indexed
179. Development and Validation of Hands-off Detection Function for Steering Wheel for the CEPS System with a Torque Sensor ↗ · 2025 · Huang, ZhaoLin et al. · indexed
180. Do Drivers Pay Attention during Highway-Based Automated Lane Changes while Operating under Hands-Free Partially Automated Driving? ↗ · 2024 · Llaneras, Robert et al. · indexed
181. Driving performance at lateral system limits during partially automated driving ↗ · 2017 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
182. Fatigue and distraction warning system for autonomous vehicle drivers in the process of three-level autonomous driving · 2024 · Sun, Haoran · archived
183. Real-World Use of Partially Automated Driving Systems and Driver Impressions ↗ · 2020 · Kim, Hyungil et al. · indexed
184. Cognitive Load During Automation Affects Gaze Behaviours and Transitions to Manual Steering Control ↗ · 2019 · Wilkie, Richard et al. · indexed
185. Comparing Shape-Changing and Vibro-Tactile Steering Wheels for Take-Over Requests in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Borojeni, Shadan Sadeghian et al. · indexed
186. Transitioning back from SAE-L3 autonomy – comparing traded and shared control ↗ · 2020 · Abbink, David A. · indexed
187. Eyes Off the Road: Where Drivers Look When ADAS Control Authority Changes ↗ · 2026 · Ekambaram Thondaiman, Ramkumaar et al. · indexed
188. Exploring shared control in automated driving ↗ · 2016 · Johns, Mishel et al. · indexed
189. A conceptual framework for automation disengagements ↗ · 2024 · Nordhoff, S. · indexed
190. Effects of active and passive secondary tasks in a take-over situation during automated driving ↗ · 2017 · Nakajima, Yutaka et al. · indexed
191. (Mis-)use of standard Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (FSD) Beta: Results from interviews with users of Tesla's FSD Beta · 2023 · Nordhoff, Sina et al. · archived
192. Koordination von Übernahmemanövern beim hochautomatisierten Fahren unter Berücksichtigung der Fahrerverfügbarkeit Coordination of Takeover Maneuvers in Highly Automated Driving Considering Driver Availability · 2021 · Albers, Franz et al. · archived
193. Approaches for loss of vigilance in vehicle automation: a meta-analytical study ↗ · 2017 · Gonçalves, Rafael Cirino et al. · indexed
194. Vigilance, boredom proneness and detection time of a malfunction in partially automated driving ↗ · 2015 · Korber, Moritz et al. · indexed
195. Analyzing driver gaze behavior and consistency of decision making during automated driving ↗ · 2015 · Miyajima, Chiyomi et al. · indexed
196. Conversation during Partially Automated Driving: How Attention Arousal is Effective on Maintaining Situation Awareness ↗ · 2019 · Lee, Jieun et al. · indexed
197. Autonomous driving: investigating the feasibility of car-driver handover assistance · 2015 · Walch, Marcel et al. · archived
198. Impact of multi-dimensional cognitive demands on takeover performance, physiological and eye-tracking measures in conditionally automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Wang, Ange et al. · indexed
199. Is Driving Automation Used as Intended? Real-World Use of Partially Automated Driving Systems and their Safety Consequences ↗ · 2021 · Kim, Hyungil et al. · indexed
200. Human-in-the-Loop in Partial Driving Automation ↗ · 2025 · Fuchs, Robert et al. · indexed
201. Look Up! An Eye-Tracking Study on Situation Awareness During Automated Vehicle Takeover ↗ · 2021 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
202. Vigilance Decrement and Passive Fatigue Caused by Monotony in Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Körber, Moritz et al. · indexed
203. Unveiling Driver Workload Dynamics and Road Safety Risks in Assistant and Automated Driving Systems ↗ · 2026 · Bosurgi, Gaetano et al. · indexed
204. Übernahmeaufforderungen beim hochautomatisierten Fahren mit fahrfremden Tätigkeiten – welche Modalitäten sind geeignet? Takeover requests at conditional automated driving with non-driving related activities—which are suitable modalities? · 2022 · Müller, Andreas Lars et al. · archived
205. Looking ahead: Anticipatory interfaces for driver-automation collaboration ↗ · 2017 · Johns, Mishel et al. · indexed
206. A Contextual Multimodal System for Increasing Situation Awareness and Takeover Quality in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2023 · Capallera, Marine et al. · archived
207. Toward Hazard or Action? Effects of Directional Vibrotactile Takeover Requests on Takeover Performance in Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Shi, Jinlei et al. · indexed
208. Time Required for Take-over from Automated to Manual Driving ↗ · 2016 · Ito, Toshio et al. · indexed
209. Secondary Task Engagement During Automated Drives: Friend and Foe? ↗ · 2020 · Shupsky, Taylor et al. · indexed
210. The Effects of Haptic Feedback and Transition Type on Transfer of Control Between Drivers and Vehicle Automation ↗ · 2021 · Cutlip, Steven et al. · indexed
211. Highly automated driving with a decoupled steering wheel ↗ · 2014 · Kerschbaum, Philipp et al. · indexed
212. Effect of Fixed and sEMG-Based Adaptive Shared Steering Control on Distracted Driver Behavior ↗ · 2021 · Wang, Zheng et al. · indexed
213. Behavior Change over Time When Driving with Adaptive Cruise Control ↗ · 2022 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
214. Driver intervention performance assessment as a key aspect of L3–L4 automated vehicles deployment ↗ · 2021 · Rodak, Aleksandra et al. · indexed
215. Exploring Driver Physiological Response During Level 3 Conditional Driving Automation ↗ · 2022 · Gluck, Aaron et al. · indexed
216. Research on the Effects of in-Vehicle Human-Machine Interface on Drivers' Pre and Post Takeover Request Eye-tracking Characteristics ↗ · 2022 · Liu, Weimin et al. · indexed
217. Reaction Times When Switching From Autonomous to Manual Driving Control ↗ · 2016 · Funkhouser, Kelly et al. · indexed
218. Hand off Steering Wheel Detection Using Sensor Data of Smartwatch and Smartphone ↗ · 2021 · He, Changchang et al. · indexed
219. A Path towards Sustainable Vehicle Automation: Willingness to Engage in Level 3 Automated Driving · 2022 · Tomasevic, Nebojsa et al. · archived
220. Human-Machine Interfaces for Handover from Automated Driving Systems: A Literature Review ↗ · 2020 · Greatbatch, Richard L. et al. · indexed
221. Partial-autonomous frenzy: Driving a level-2 vehicle on the open road · 2017 · Biondi, F et al. · archived
222. Characterizing the Effect of Mind Wandering on Braking Dynamics in Partially Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Sridhar, Harini et al. · indexed
223. It’s Out of Our Hands Now! Effects of Non-Driving Related Tasks During Highly Automated Driving on Drivers’ Fatigue ↗ · 2017 · Jarosch, Oliver et al. · indexed
224. Intention-Based Lane Changing and Lane Keeping Haptic Guidance Steering System · 2021 · Yan, Zhanhong et al. · archived
225. Drivers’ engagement in NDRTs during automated driving linked to travelling speed and surrounding traffic · 2023 · Liu, Xian et al. · archived
226. Effects of Auditory Stimuli and Verbal Communications on Drivers' Situation Awareness in Partially Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Hirano, Toshiaki et al. · indexed
227. Design friction in autonomous drive—exploring transitions between autonomous and manual drive in non-urgent situations ↗ · 2023 · Bley, Jessica et al. · indexed
228. Redesigning Today’s Driving Automation Toward Adaptive Backup Control With Context-Based and Invisible Interfaces ↗ · 2020 · Cabrall, Christopher D. D. et al. · indexed
229. User Experience Evaluation of SAE Level 3 Driving on a Test Track ↗ · 2022 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
230. Bringing a Vehicle to a Controlled Stop: Effectiveness of a Dual-Control Scheme for Identifying Driver Drowsiness and Executing Safety Control under Hands-off Partial Driving Automation ↗ · 2023 · Saito, Yuichi et al. · indexed
231. Ambient Light Conveying Reliability Improves Drivers’ Takeover Performance without Increasing Mental Workload · 2022 · Figalová, Nikol et al. · archived
232. Effect of cognitive load on drivers’ State and task performance during automated driving: Introducing a novel method for determining stabilisation time following take-over of control ↗ · 2021 · Melnicuk, Vadim et al. · indexed
233. Physiological indicators of driver workload during car-following scenarios and takeovers in highly automated driving ↗ · 2022 · Radhakrishnan, Vishnu et al. · indexed
234. A study on cooperation method in a system where automatic steering and manual steering coexist ↗ · 2018 · TATEHARA, Takumi et al. · indexed
235. Human–Machine Collaboration for Automated Driving Using an Intelligent Two‐Phase Haptic Interface ↗ · 2021 · Lv, Chen et al. · indexed
236. Reliable but multi-dimensional cognitive demand in operating partially automated vehicles · 2024 · Lohani, M et al. · archived
237. Using pupillometry and gaze-based metrics for understanding drivers’ mental workload during automated driving · 2023 · Radhakrishnan, Vishnu et al. · archived
238. Supervising High Degree Automation in Simulated Air Traffic Control ↗ · 2018 · Bowden, Vanessa et al. · indexed
239. Training to Improve Drivers’ Behavior When Partial Driving Automation Fails [supporting datasets] · 2022 · Roberts, Shannon C et al. · archived
240. Multimodal interaction strategies for take-over requests in L3 automated driving ↗ · 2024 · He, Banben et al. · indexed
241. Haptic Icons: A Hands-On Approach to Haptic HMI in Automated Vehicles · 2025 · Sarabia, Joseba et al. · archived
242. How should drivers’ use of Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS) be assessed? A study with experienced driving assessors in a Wizard-of-Oz vehicle ↗ · 2026 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · indexed
243. Small Talk, Big Impact? LLM-based Conversational Agents to Mitigate Passive Fatigue in Conditional Automated Driving · 2026 · Cockram, Lewis et al. · archived
244. Assessing Driver Engagement Through Machine Learning Classification of Physiological Measures ↗ · 2023 · Lochbihler, Aidan et al. · indexed
245. Mitigating Passive Fatigue in Conditional Automated Driving: Effects of Conversation tasks on Driver Arousal and Attention ↗ · 2026 · Meng, Xiao et al. · indexed
246. The Effects of Non-Driving-Related Task Engagement on Automated Driving Takeover Performance During the Nighttime ↗ · 2022 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
247. Exploring the effectiveness of a digital voice assistant to maintain driver alertness in partially automated vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Mahajan, Kirti et al. · indexed
248. Takeover Request Design in Automated Driving: A Systematic Review ↗ · 2021 · Salubre, Kevin Joel et al. · indexed
249. Take-over expectation and criticality in Level 3 automated driving: a test track study on take-over behavior in semi-trucks · 2020 · Lotz, Alexander et al. · archived
250. Unlocking Safer Driving: How Answering Questions Help Takeovers in Partially Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Bai, Xiaolu et al. · indexed
251. Driving Characteristics of Drivers in a State of Low Alertness when an Autonomous System Changes from Autonomous Driving to Manual Driving ↗ · 2015 · Hirose, Toshiya et al. · indexed
252. Fatigue and Automation-Induced Impairments in Simulated Driving Performance ↗ · 1998 · Desmond, Paula A. et al. · indexed
253. Towards an H-Mode for highly automated vehicles ↗ · 2009 · Kienle, Martin et al. · indexed
254. Test procedure for the evaluation of partially automated driving HMI including driver monitoring systems in driving simulation ↗ · 2024 · Schömig, Nadja et al. · indexed
255. The Effect of a Haptic Guidance Steering System on Fatigue-Related Driver Behavior ↗ · 2017 · Wang, Zheng et al. · indexed
256. DEVELOPING A MODEL OF DRIVER PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS, AND COGNITIVE LOAD CONSIDERING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PARTIAL VEHICLE AUTONOMY ↗ · 2022 · Cossitt, Jessie E. et al. · indexed
257. Mode Awareness and Automated Driving—What Is It and How Can It Be Measured? ↗ · 2020 · Kurpiers, Christina et al. · indexed
258. The Effects of Driver Coupling and Automation Impedance on Emergency Steering Interventions ↗ · 2020 · Bhardwaj, Akshay et al. · indexed
259. Driver response to steering perturbations: mechanical arm admittance and grip pressure ↗ · 2018 · Joly, Antonin et al. · indexed
260. Exploring how physio-psychological states affect drivers’ takeover performance in conditional automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Wang, Ange et al. · indexed
261. Meaningful human control of partially automated driving systems: Insights from interviews with Tesla users ↗ · 2025 · Suryana, Lucas Elbert et al. · indexed
262. The Effect of Directional Tactile Guidance on Takeover Performance in Level 3 Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Liang, Xinying et al. · indexed
263. Monitoring driver drowsiness in partially automated vehicles: Added value from combining postural and physiological indicators · 2024 · Perrotte, Gaëtan et al. · archived
264. How to assess driver's interaction with partially automated driving systems – A framework for early concept assessment · 2017 · van den Beukel, Arie P. et al. · archived
265. Using a Vibrotactile Seat for Facilitating the Handover of Control during Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Telpaz, Ariel et al. · indexed
266. The Driver Has Control: Exploring Driving Performance with Varying Automation Capabilities ↗ · 2015 · Johns, Mishel et al. · indexed
267. Adaptive Driver-Automation Shared Steering Control via Forearm Surface Electromyography Measurement ↗ · 2021 · Wang, Zheng et al. · indexed
268. Evaluation of Imminent Take-Over Requests With Real Automation on a Test Track ↗ · 2021 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
269. Effects of saccadic and scent stimulations on driver attentiveness in automated driving systems ↗ · 2023 · HIROSE, Toshiya et al. · indexed
270. Cooperative Overtaking: Overcoming Automated Vehicles' Obstructed Sensor Range via Driver Help · 2019 · Walch, Marcel et al. · archived
271. Driver Involvement in Lane-Change Decision Making for Maintaining Situation Awareness during Automated Driving ↗ · 2016 · Yamashita, Takaya et al. · indexed
272. An analysis of physiological responses as indicators of driver takeover readiness in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Deng, Min et al. · indexed
273. A Study on Re-Engagement and Stabilization Time on Take-Over Transition in a Highly Automated Driving System ↗ · 2021 · Kim, Hyunsuk et al. · indexed
274. A temporal analysis of safety drivers taking back control in public roadway automated driving trials ↗ · 2019 · Corcoran, Nicole et al. · indexed
275. Research of the Level of Driver Involvement in the Management of a Highly Automated Vehicle ↗ · 2022 · Zabudskiy, A. Yu. et al. · indexed
276. Driver drowsiness and behavior detection in prolonged conditionally automated drives ↗ · 2016 · Schmidt, Jurgen et al. · indexed
277. Mind the road: attention related neuromarkers during automated and manual simulated driving captured with a new mobile EEG sensor system · 2025 · Scanlon, Joanna Elizabeth Mary et al. · archived
278. Analysis of Physical Readiness for Take-Over in Automated Driving – Approach to Classify Non-Driving Related Activities According to Their Level of Complexity ↗ · 2024 · Schäffer, Miriam et al. · indexed
279. Habits, attitudes, and expectations of regular users of partial driving automation systems ↗ · 2024 · Mueller, Alexandra S. et al. · indexed
280. Type-o-Steer: Reimagining the Steering Wheel for Productive Non-Driving Related Tasks in Conditionally Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Schartmüller, Clemens et al. · indexed
281. Design and evaluation of cooperative human–machine interface for changing lanes in conditional driving automation ↗ · 2022 · Muslim, Husam et al. · indexed
282. Effects of scheduled manual driving on drowsiness and response to take over request: A simulator study towards understanding drivers in automated driving ↗ · 2019 · Wu, Yanbin et al. · indexed
283. Effect of Directional Auditory Takeover Request on Takeover Behavior and Eye Movement in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Ma, Jun et al. · indexed
284. Attention-guiding Takeover Requests for Situation Awareness in Semi-autonomous Driving ↗ · 2023 · Chen, Qingxin et al. · indexed
285. Informing drivers via wearable devices: Impacts of tactile warning locations on takeover performance in automated driving ↗ · 2025 · Zhang, Fangda et al. · indexed
286. Effects of non-driving related tasks on readiness to take over control in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2021 · Lin, Qing-feng et al. · indexed
287. Chatting with AI: enhancing the supervision safety of near-L3 automated driving by engaging in non-driving–related tasks ↗ · 2026 · Jiang, Tingwei et al. · indexed
288. How Driver Monitoring System Effectively Alerts Drivers of Partially Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Jiang, Wen et al. · indexed
289. The Sense of Agency in Driving Automation ↗ · 2019 · Wen, Wen et al. · indexed
290. The Interaction Between Highly Automated Driving and the Development of Drowsiness ↗ · 2015 · Schömig, Nadja et al. · indexed
291. Video entertainment to mitigate safety risks during prolonged automated driving: Impacts on cognitive load, fatigue, and takeover performance ↗ · 2026 · Ma, Jun et al. · indexed
292. Driving Behavior during Takeover Request of Autonomous Vehicle: Effect of Driver Postures ↗ · 2022 · Muto, Koki et al. · indexed
293. Study on the Driver/Steering Wheel Interaction in Emergency Situations · 2020 · Comolli, Francesco et al. · archived
294. Measuring and Predicting Drivers’ Takeover Readiness and Supporting Takeover Transitions in Automated Driving · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
295. National Advanced Driving Simulator Measures Driver Interactions with Automated Driving System · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
296. Age-related differences in takeover performance: A comparative analysis of older and younger drivers in prolonged partially automated driving · 2024 · Pan, Hengyan et al. · archived
297. Automated Driving Systems: Impact of Haptic Guidance on Driving Performance after a Take Over Request ↗ · 2022 · Morales-Alvarez, Walter et al. · indexed
298. Effects of integrated takeover request warning with personal portable device on takeover time and post-takeover performance in level 3 driving automation ↗ · 2024 · Talukder, Niloy et al. · indexed
299. Overall effects of non-driving related activities’ characteristics on takeover performance in the context of SAE Level 3: A meta-analysis · 2022 · Shi, Elisabeth et al. · archived
300. Using Task Switching to Explain Effects of Non-Driving Related Activities on Takeover and Manual Driving Behavior Following Level 3 Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Shi, Elisabeth et al. · indexed
301. Methodological Approach towards Evaluating the Effects of Non-Driving Related Tasks during Partially Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Hollander, Cornelia et al. · indexed
302. Non-driving-related tasks during level 3 automated driving phases–measuring what users will be likely to do. ↗ · 2021 · Shi, Elisabeth et al. · indexed
303. A Human-Machine Shared Control Strategy for Automation Disengagement Cases with Intention-Based Driving Authority Allocation ↗ · 2024 · Wang, Zhaoqing et al. · indexed
304. A Review of Shared Control for Automated Vehicles: Theory and Applications · 2020 · Marcano, Mauricio et al. · archived
305. A wireless steering wheel gripping sensor for hands on/off detection ↗ · 2016 · Muhlbacher-Karrer, Stephan et al. · indexed
306. Takeover Time in Highly Automated Vehicles: Noncritical Transitions to and From Manual Control ↗ · 2017 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
307. Driver behaviors assisted by different human machine interfaces to avoid rear-end collisions during level 2 automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
308. On-Road Assessment of Driver Mode Awareness of Assisted and Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Britten, Nicholas et al. · indexed
309. Functional Safety Assessment of a Generic Automated Lane Centering System and Related Foundational Vehicle Systems · 2018 · Brewer, John et al. · archived
310. Detecting Driver Fatigue by Steering Wheel Grip Force ↗ · 2016 · LEE, KYEHOON et al. · indexed
311. Physiological Measures of Risk Perception in Highly Automated Driving · 2022 · Perello-March, Jaume R. et al. · archived
312. Safety Compensation for Improving Driver Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2020 · Yao, Hua et al. · archived
313. Toward Trustworthy and Comfortable Lane Keeping Assistance System: An Empirical Study of the Level of Haptic Authority ↗ · 2021 · Park, Kyudong et al. · indexed
314. Thematic issue: driving automation and autonomy ↗ · 2019 · Stanton, Neville A · indexed
315. Visual-Motor Coordination in Automated Driving: Effects of Temporal Urgency and Motor Demand on Intervention Behavior ↗ · 2026 · Cui, Kailin et al. · indexed
316. An interactive haptic force feedback interface for semi-automatic control in highly-automated vehicles · 2018 · KAMEZAKI, Mitsuhiro et al. · archived
317. Driver-centred vehicle automation: using network analysis for agent-based modelling of the driver in highly automated driving systems ↗ · 2016 · Banks, Victoria A. et al. · indexed
318. A study of the effect of monitoring request and takeover request time interval on takeover characteristics ↗ · 2025 · Wan, Huasen et al. · indexed
319. Evaluation of Takeover Time Performance of Drivers in Partially Autonomous Vehicles Using a Wearable Sensor ↗ · 2022 · Dogan, Daghan et al. · indexed
320. The Effects of Vehicle Automation on Driver Engagement: The Case of Adaptive Cruise Control and Mind Wandering [techbrief] · 2021 · Weaver, Starla et al. · archived
321. Sensor-based assessment of the in-situ quality of human computer interaction in the cars : final research report. · 2016 · Kim, SeungJun et al. · archived
322. Effects of Instructional Vibrotactile Patterns on Takeover Performance in Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2023 · Miyoshi, Justin Kazuya et al. · indexed
323. The effects of takeover request modalities on highly automated car control transitions ↗ · 2019 · Yoon, Sol Hee et al. · indexed
324. Design of On-body Tactile Displays to Enhance Situation Awareness in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Chiossi, Francesco et al. · indexed
325. Is it Good or Bad to Provide Driver Fatigue Warning During Take-Over in Highly Automated Driving? ↗ · 2021 · Niu, Jianwei et al. · indexed
326. The Influence of Prolonged Conditionally Automated Driving on the Take-Over Ability of the Driver ↗ · 2017 · Schmidt, Jürgen et al. · indexed
327. Optimizing Driver Vigilance Recognition: Examining the Characterization and Cumulative Effect of Physiological Signals Across Manual and Automated Driving and Durations ↗ · 2024 · Guo, Mingyang et al. · indexed
328. Evaluation of Driver Input Variations for Partially Automated Lane Changes ↗ · 2018 · Hornberger, Paul et al. · indexed
329. Takeover Performance and Workload under Varying Automation Levels, Time Budget and Road Curvature ↗ · 2022 · Xu, Chengliang et al. · indexed
330. Effects of In-Vehicle Touchscreen Location on Driver Task Performance, Eye Gaze Behavior, and Workload During Conditionally Automated Driving: Nondriving-Related Task and Take-Over ↗ · 2024 · Ban, Gayoung et al. · indexed
331. Quantitative evaluation on mental worklosd reduction for hands free driving ↗ · 2018 · Nishigaki, Morimichi et al. · indexed
332. Take over Gradually in Conditional Automated Driving: The Effect of Two-stage Warning Systems on Situation Awareness, Driving Stress, Takeover Performance, and Acceptance ↗ · 2020 · Ma, Shu et al. · indexed
333. Analysis of autopilot disengagements occurring during autonomous vehicle testing ↗ · 2017 · Lv, Chen et al. · indexed
334. A Workload Manager Architecture for the Monitoring of Drivers’ Cognitive Impairment ↗ · 2009 · Cardillo, Daniela et al. · indexed
335. Consumer demand for partial driving automation and hands-free driving capability ↗ · 2023 · Mueller, Alexandra S. et al. · indexed
336. Does Shared Mode Improve Steering and Vehicle Motions During Control Transition From Automated to Manual Driving in Real Passenger Car? ↗ · 2022 · Sonoda, Kohei et al. · indexed
337. Age-related differences in effects of non-driving related tasks on takeover performance in automated driving ↗ · 2020 · Wu, Yanbin et al. · indexed
338. Driver State in Take-over from Automated to Manual Driving ↗ · 2016 · ITO, Toshio et al. · indexed
339. The effects of takeover request lead time on drivers’ situation awareness for manually exiting from freeways: A web-based study on level 3 automated vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Tan, Xiaomei et al. · indexed
340. Incorporating Gaze Behavior Using Joint Embedding With Scene Context for Driver Takeover Detection ↗ · 2022 · Qiu, Yuning et al. · indexed
341. Incorporating different phases of situation awareness information into the design of advanced takeover requests for urgent takeover scenarios ↗ · 2026 · Lai, Hsueh-Yi et al. · indexed
342. Takeover Directly or Gradually? Comparison of Single Stage and Dual Stage Human-Machine Interface on Drivers’ Visual Behaviors and Subjective Ratings over Cognitive Demand, Motoric Demand, and Time Demand ↗ · 2022 · Liu, Weimin et al. · indexed
343. Design and Evaluation of Lane-Change Collision Avoidance Systems in Semi-Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Muslim, Husam · indexed
344. Effects of Readiness Deprivation on Takeover With Varying Time Budget in Conditional Automated Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2026 · Lai, Hsueh-Yi et al. · indexed
345. Age differences in the takeover of vehicle control and engagement in non-driving-related activities in simulated driving with conditional automation ↗ · 2016 · Clark, Hallie et al. · indexed
346. The Effects of Vehicle Automation on Driver Engagement: The Case of Adaptive Cruise Control and Mind Wandering ↗ · 2020 · Weaver, Starla M. et al. · indexed
347. Sensor-Actuator Supported Implicit Interaction in Driver Assistance Systems · 2010 · Riener, Andreas · archived
348. Takeover Context Matters: Characterising Context of Takeovers in Naturalistic Driving using Super Cruise and Autopilot ↗ · 2023 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
349. Noncritical State Transitions During Conditionally Automated Driving on German Freeways: Effects of Non–Driving Related Tasks on Takeover Time and Takeover Quality ↗ · 2019 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
350. An on-road study involving two vehicles ↗ · 2015 · Brown, Daniel E. et al. · indexed
351. Use of Haptic Shared Control in Highly Automated Driving Systems ↗ · 2019 · Kondo, Ryo et al. · indexed
352. Task-specific versus free-choice non-driving-related tasks: Enhancing automated driving takeover research through varied task engagement ↗ · 2025 · Wang, Wenjun et al. · indexed
353. Analyzing Driver Strategy for Scheduled Takeovers Under the Effect of Multi-stage Takeover Request Design ↗ · 2023 · Tan, Xiaomei et al. · indexed
354. The Effect of Whole-Body Haptic Feedback on Driver’s Perception in Negotiating a Curve · 2018 · Pakdamanian, Erfan et al. · archived
355. The Effect of Tactile Prompts During the Takeover Process of Autonomous Driving · 2025 · Guo, Sijia et al. · archived
356. Non-driving related tasks’ effects on takeover and manual driving behavior in a real driving setting: A differentiation approach based on task switching and modality shifting ↗ · 2022 · Shi, Elisabeth et al. · indexed
357. Transferring From Automated to Manual Driving When Traversing a Curve via Haptic Shared Control ↗ · 2021 · Okada, Kio et al. · indexed
358. The Effects of Countermeasures for Preventing Vigilance Decrement During Manual and Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Murata, Atsuo et al. · indexed
359. Classification of Level 2 Driving Automation Events Observed on Public Roads – Part 2 · 2021 · Snyder, Andrew C. et al. · archived
360. Driver Behavior in Conditional Automation: Comparison of Driving Simulator and Wizard of Oz Conditions ↗ · 2020 · Poisson, Céline et al. · indexed
361. Driving Performance After Self-Regulated Control Transitions in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
362. Time to Focus on the Road: Adaptive Monitoring Requests Design for Attentional Shift in Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Lim, Yeonsu et al. · indexed
363. A Systematic Review of Takeover System Design and Evaluation in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Liu, Tianrui et al. · indexed
364. Impact of Secondary Task Immersion Duration on Take-Over Process of Conditional (L3) Automated Vehicles in an Off-Ramp Area ↗ · 2022 · Li, Haijian et al. · indexed
365. Development of Warning Methods for Planned and Unplanned Takeover Requests in a Simulated Automated Driving Vehicle ↗ · 2022 · Hong, Sara et al. · indexed
366. Autonomous driving ↗ · 2015 · Walch, Marcel et al. · indexed
367. Lane-Keeping Behavior and Cognitive Load with Use of Lane Departure Warning ↗ · 2017 · Moorman, Helene G. et al. · indexed
368. Text a Bit Longer or Drive Now? Resuming Driving after Texting in Conditionally Automated Cars ↗ · 2024 · Ch, Nabil Al Nahin et al. · indexed
369. Effect of human-machine cooperation on driving comfort in highly automated steering maneuvers ↗ · 2019 · Kuramochi, Hiroaki et al. · indexed
370. Training Drivers on L2 Automated Systems: A Pilot Study for Developing Effective Training that Drivers Will Use ↗ · 2026 · Linkous, Taylor Y. et al. · indexed
371. Interactive Steering for Seamless Transition During Control Handover in Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2025 · Gurumoorthi, Adithyaa Rettaikudi et al. · indexed
372. Temporal Analysis of Cognitive Workload During Manual and Partial Driving Automation Based on the Detection Response Task ↗ · 2025 · Mahmoodzadeh, Mobina et al. · indexed
373. Temporal Analysis of Cognitive Workload During Manual and Partial Driving Automation Based on the Detection Response Task ↗ · 2025 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
374. Finding windows of opportunity: How drivers adapt to partial automation safeguards over time ↗ · 2025 · Mueller, Alexandra S. et al. · indexed
375. A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Brain Activation to Explain the Take-Over Failure in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2024 · Yin, Weiru et al. · indexed
376. Impact of L2 automated systems on hazard anticipation and mitigation behavior of young drivers with varying levels of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptomatology ↗ · 2021 · Ebadi, Yalda et al. · indexed
377. Investigating the effects of age and disengagement in driving on driver’s takeover control performance in highly automated vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Li, Shuo et al. · indexed
378. How Does Approaching a Lead Vehicle and Monitoring Request Affect Drivers’ Takeover Performance? A Simulated Driving Study with Functional MRI ↗ · 2021 · Li, Chimou et al. · indexed
379. Supporting Driver Attention Toward Potential Hazards During Takeover: A Preliminary Result ↗ · 2024 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · indexed
380. Is control necessary for drivers? Exploring the influence of human–machine collaboration modes on driving behavior and subjective perception under different hazard visibility scenarios ↗ · 2025 · Chen, Yongkang et al. · indexed
381. Modeling Driver-Automation Interaction using A Naturalistic Multimodal Driving Dataset ↗ · 2022 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
382. Driver-Vehicle Interaction: The Effects of Physical Exercise and Takeover Request Modality on Automated Vehicle Takeover Performance between Younger and Older Drivers ↗ · 2021 · Huang, Gaojian et al. · indexed
383. The Impact of Transition Window Duration on Nominal Transitions of Control in Conditional Automation ↗ · 2026 · Gaspar, John et al. · indexed
384. Please take over! An analysis and strategy for a driver take over request during autonomous driving ↗ · 2015 · Bahram, Mohammad et al. · indexed
385. Shared lateral control with on-line adaptation of the automation degree for driver steering assist system: A weighting design approach · 2015 · Nguyen, Anh-Tu et al. · archived
386. Takeover Safety Analysis with Driver Monitoring Systems and Driver–Vehicle Interfaces in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Yu, Dongyeon et al. · indexed
387. Effects of different takeover request interfaces on takeover behavior and performance during conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2021 · Ou, Yang-Kun et al. · indexed
388. Knuckles notifications: mid-air haptic feedback on the dorsal hand for hands-on-the-wheel driving · 2024 · Montano, Roberto et al. · archived
389. Impact of Partially Automated Driving Functions on Forensic Accident Reconstruction: A Simulator Study on Driver Reaction Behavior in the Event of a Malfunctioning System Behavior ↗ · 2023 · Paula, Daniel et al. · indexed
390. Effects of Level 3 Automated Vehicle Drivers’ Fatigue on Their Take-Over Behaviour: A Literature Review ↗ · 2021 · Guo, Hanying et al. · indexed
391. Haptic Shared Control in Steering Operation Based on Cooperative Status Between a Driver and a Driver Assistance System ↗ · 2015 · Nishimura, Ryota et al. · indexed
392. Road-Departure Prevention in an Emergency Obstacle Avoidance Situation ↗ · 2014 · Katzourakis, Diomidis I. et al. · indexed
393. Distinct oculomotor signatures for task disengagement and reduction in vigilance during a supervisory task ↗ · 2026 · Ficarella, Stefania C. et al. · indexed
394. From reading to driving ↗ · 2018 · Borojeni, Shadan Sadeghian et al. · indexed
395. Assessment of Driver Situation for Control Authority Transition from Conditionally Automated Vehicles using Chassis and Galvanic Skin Response Sensors ↗ · 2025 · Dogan, Daghan et al. · indexed
396. Visual and steering behaviours during lane departures: a longitudinal study of interactions between lane departure warning system, driving task and driving experience ↗ · 2023 · Navarro, Jordan et al. · indexed
397. Handover Process Models of Autonomous Cars Up to Level 3 Autonomy ↗ · 2018 · Drexler, Daniel Andras et al. · indexed
398. Drive Safe Inspector: A Wearable-Based Fine-Grained Technique for Driver Hand Position Detection ↗ · 2018 · Chen, Huangxun et al. · indexed
399. Effects of Takeover Request Lead Time to Driver Workload in Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2019 · Yun, Yong Deok et al. · indexed
400. Dangerous intersections? A review of studies of fatigue and distraction in the automated vehicle ↗ · 2019 · Matthews, Gerald et al. · indexed
401. Impact of non-driving related task types, request modalities, and automation on driver takeover: A meta-analysis ↗ · 2025 · Jin, Lisheng et al. · indexed
402. Cognitive Workload and Attentional Allocation in One-Pedal Driving: A Human–Vehicle Interaction Study in Dynamic Car-Following Scenarios ↗ · 2026 · Wang, Sibo et al. · indexed
403. Manual takeover after highly automated driving ↗ · 2021 · Dogan, Ebru et al. · indexed
404. From Prediction to Design: Using Context-Aware Graph Neural Networks and Explainable AI to Anticipate Transfer-of-Control ↗ · 2026 · Zhao, Zhouqiao et al. · indexed
405. Dual control theoretic driver assistance - Dynamic characteristics of steering torque control based on linear quadratic regulator ↗ · 2014 · Saito, Yuichi et al. · indexed
406. Acceptance of Haptic Shared Control Design Choices for Car Steering ↗ · 2025 · Huijsing, Kelsey N. et al. · indexed
407. What do drivers prefer? A field study on longitudinal and lateral driving automation ↗ · 2023 · Ebinger, Nikolai et al. · indexed
408. A hand gesture based driver-vehicle interface to control lateral and longitudinal motions of an autonomous vehicle ↗ · 2016 · Manawadu, Udara E. et al. · indexed
409. Driver Behaviour Characterization Using an Instrumented Steering Wheel Conscious/Unconscious Muscle Activation ↗ · 2024 · Akutain, Xabier Carrera et al. · indexed
410. It’s about time! Earlier take-over requests in automated driving enable safer responses to conflicts ↗ · 2022 · Pipkorn, Linda et al. · indexed
411. A Study on the Driver-Vehicle Interaction System in Autonomous Vehicles Considering Driver’s Attention Status ↗ · 2022 · Song, Yein et al. · indexed
412. Comparative safety analysis of take-over control mechanisms of conditionally automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Karimi, Arastoo et al. · indexed
413. Effects of spatial semantic tactile feedback on emergency takeover and driver trust: an exploratory study for distributed tactile seatbelt ↗ · 2026 · Wu, Wenyu et al. · indexed
414. Driver-Automation Cooperative Approach for Shared Steering Control Under Multiple System Constraints: Design and Experiments · 2016 · Nguyen, Anh‐Tu et al. · archived
415. S.A.D.E.—A Standardized, Scenario-Based Method for the Real-Time Assessment of Driver Interaction with Partially Automated Driving Systems ↗ · 2022 · Schömig, Nadja et al. · indexed
416. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Implementation and Validation of SAE Level 2 Automated Vehicle with Subsystem Fault Tolerant Fallback Performance for Takeover Scenarios ↗ · 2018 · Joshi, Adit · indexed
417. Playing Games Guiding Attention Improves Situation Awareness and Takeover Quality during Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Jiang, Tingwei et al. · indexed
418. Analysis of driver roles: modelling the changing role of the driver in automated driving systems using EAST ↗ · 2019 · Banks, Victoria A. et al. · indexed
419. Human behaviour with automated driving systems: a quantitative framework for meaningful human control ↗ · 2019 · Heikoop, Daniël D. et al. · indexed
420. Control Authority Transfer Method for Automated-to-Manual Driving Via a Shared Authority Mode ↗ · 2018 · Saito, Takahiro et al. · indexed
421. A Novel Predictive Haptic Control Interface for Automation-to-Human Takeover of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Li, Yutong et al. · indexed
422. Haptic shared steering control with an adaptive level of authority based on time-to-line crossing ↗ · 2019 · Zwaan, Hugo M. et al. · indexed
423. Safety Driver Attention on Autonomous Vehicle Operation Based on Head Pose and Vehicle Perception ↗ · 2024 · Konrad, Santiago Gerling et al. · indexed
424. Evaluation of Driver’s Sense of Control in Lane Change Maneuvers with a Cooperative Steering Control System ↗ · 2021 · Tatsumi, Kohei et al. · indexed
425. A Novel Technique for Faster Responses to Take Over Requests in an Automated Vehicle ↗ · 2021 · Walker, Francesco et al. · indexed
426. Effect of Driver Posture on Driving Characteristics when Control is Passed from an Autonomous Driving System to a Human Driver ↗ · 2018 · Suzuki, Kensuke et al. · indexed
427. Applying participatory design to symbols for SAE level 2 automated driving systems · 2019 · Perrier, Mickaël J. R. et al. · archived
428. Driver hand activity analysis in naturalistic driving studies: challenges, algorithms, and experimental studies ↗ · 2013 · Ohn-Bar, Eshed et al. · indexed
429. Chinese Drivers’ Attitudes toward L2+ Level of Driving Automation · 2023 · Li, Liping et al. · archived
430. How does relaxing posture influence take-over performance in an automated vehicle? ↗ · 2018 · Yang, Yucheng et al. · indexed
431. Hands on the wheel: A Dataset for Driver Hand Detection and Tracking · 2018 · Borghi, Guido et al. · archived
432. Effects of Individual Vehicle Differences on Advanced Driver-Assist System Takeover Alert Behavior ↗ · 2022 · Bauchwitz, Benjamin et al. · indexed
433. What makes a ready driver? A deep dive into the measurement and validation of readiness estimation for driver monitoring systems of partially automated (SAE level 2) vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Gonçalves, Rafael Cirino et al. · indexed
434. Discovering Driver–Vehicle Coordination Problems in Early-Stage System Development ↗ · 2017 · Banks, Victoria A. et al. · indexed
435. Communication is a Two-Way Street: Negotiating Driving Intent through a Shape-Changing Steering Wheel ↗ · 2023 · Báez, Hannah et al. · indexed
436. Systematic H₂/H_∞ haptic shared control synthesis for cars, parameterized by sharing level ↗ · 2020 · Pano, Beatrice et al. · indexed
437. Smart Steering Wheel with Swept Frequency Capacitive Sensing ↗ · 2017 · ONO, Yutaro et al. · indexed
438. Human-Centered HMI Design for Level 3 Automated Driving Takeover Process ↗ · 2023 · Qiu, Yuqi · indexed
439. The Effect of Physical Situation Performing Non-Driving Related Task on Takeover ↗ · 2022 · Oh, Hye Seong et al. · indexed
440. Vibrotactile Take-over Requests in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Chu, Duanfeng et al. · indexed
441. Driver State Monitoring Systems– Transferable Knowledge Manual Driving to HAD ↗ · 2015 · Gonçalves, Joel et al. · indexed
442. Human Factor Issues Associated with Lane Change Collision Avoidance Systems: Effects of Authority, Control, and Ability on Drivers’ Performance and Situation Awareness ↗ · 2017 · Muslim, Husam et al. · indexed
443. Influence of automated driving on driver’s own localization: a driving simulator study ↗ · 2019 · Umeno, Ryuichi et al. · indexed
444. Effects of Manual and Autopilot Control on Mental Workload and Vigilance During Simulated General Aviation Flight ↗ · 1999 · Masalonis, Anthony J. et al. · indexed
445. Adaptive Gain Theory Predicts Phasic Pupillary Dilations During Non-Critical Transitions of Control from Hands-Off L2 Driving Systems ↗ · 2025 · Goodridge, Courtney Michael et al. · indexed
446. RDAS: A Shared Control Strategy Considering Real-Time Driving Ability in Driver Takeover Tasks ↗ · 2026 · Qi, Zhenliang et al. · indexed
447. A Systematic Review of Takeover System Design in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2026 · Liu, Tianrui et al. · indexed
448. The Interface Challenge for Partially Automated Vehicles: How Driver Characteristics Affect Information Usage Over Time ↗ · 2022 · Ulahannan, Arun et al. · indexed
449. Am I Driving or Are You or Are We Both? A Taxonomy for Handover and Handback in Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
450. Take-Over Requests for Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Melcher, Vivien et al. · indexed
451. Analysis of Human-Machine Cooperation When Driving with Different Degrees of Haptic Shared Control ↗ · 2014 · Mars, Franck et al. · indexed
452. Toward Minimum Startle After Take-Over Request: A Preliminary Study of Physiological Data ↗ · 2020 · Pakdamanian, Erfan et al. · indexed
453. Driver-Automation Shared Control: Modeling Driver Behavior by Taking Account of Reliance on Haptic Guidance Steering ↗ · 2018 · Wang, Zheng et al. · indexed
454. An Orientation Sensor-Based Head Tracking System for Driver Behaviour Monitoring ↗ · 2017 · Zhao, Yifan et al. · indexed
455. Effects of time interval and request modality on driver takeover responses: Identifying the optimal time interval for two-stage warning system ↗ · 2025 · Zhang, Jie et al. · indexed
456. Estimation of Driver Excitement by Semantic Differential Method and Correlation with Arousal Levels in Advanced Driver Assistance ↗ · 2022 · Kato, Masahiko et al. · indexed
457. Using Engagement to Negate Vigilance Decrements in the NextGen Environment ↗ · 2012 · Pop, Vlad L. et al. · indexed
458. Perceptions of Two Unique Lane Centering Systems: An FOT Interview Analysis ↗ · 2020 · Landry, Steven et al. · indexed
459. Hands-on-Detection based on Time Domain Reflectometry ↗ · 2022 · Fillafer, Felix et al. · indexed
460. Is Too Much System Caution Counterproductive? Effects of Varying Sensitivity and Automation Levels in Vehicle Collision Avoidance Systems ↗ · 2020 · Fu, Ernestine et al. · indexed
461. Smart Steering Sleeve (S3): A Non-Intrusive and Integrative Sensing Platform for Driver Physiological Monitoring ↗ · 2022 · Ye, Chuwei et al. · indexed
462. Simulation-Based Evaluation of Adaptive Automation Revoking Strategies on Cognitive Workload and Situation Awareness ↗ · 2017 · Rusnock, Christina F. et al. · indexed
463. Comparison of the Effects of Two Push-to-Talk Button Implementations on Driver Hand Position and Visual Attention ↗ · 2009 · Palinko, Oskar et al. · indexed
464. Driver State Monitoring with Hierarchical Classification ↗ · 2018 · Weyers, Patrick et al. · indexed
465. Personalized Classification of Scenario-Derived Operational Driver-State Classes from Non-Intrusive Wearable Signals in Real-World SAE Level 2 Automated Driving ↗ · 2026 · Fernandez-Matellan, Raul et al. · indexed
466. Modeling Lateral Control Behaviors of Distracted Drivers for Haptic-Shared Steering System ↗ · 2023 · Xu, Fei-Xiang et al. · indexed
467. Effect of Haptic Guidance Steering on Lane Following Performance by Taking Account of Driver Reliance on the Assistance System ↗ · 2018 · Wang, Zheng et al. · indexed
468. An evaluation of an adaptive automation system using a cognitive vigilance task ↗ · 2004 · Freeman, Frederick G et al. · indexed
469. Multiple Measures of Driver Workload according to Takeover Request Lead Time in Conditionally Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2020 · Yun, Yong Deok et al. · indexed
470. Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Sensing Intelligent Steering Wheel with Hands-Off Detection ↗ · 2025 · Fu, Pengyang et al. · indexed
471. Influences of Different Traffic Information on Driver Behaviors While Interacting with Oncoming Traffic in Level 2 Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
472. Monitoring driver cognitive load using functional near infrared spectroscopy in partially autonomous cars ↗ · 2016 · Sibi, Srinath et al. · indexed
473. Impact of free-choice non-driving related activities on driver fatigue and performance in the context of conditional automated driving ↗ · 2025 · Loew, Alexandra et al. · indexed
474. An approach to organizing the transition of vehicle control from an automated driving system to a person ↗ · 2020 · Dubovsky, V. A. et al. · indexed
475. Designing Human-machine Collaboration Interface Through Multimodal Combination Optimization to Improve Takeover Performance in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Zhu, Jieyu et al. · indexed
476. Analysis of haptic interaction between Limbs in operations of vehicular driving interfaces ↗ · 2017 · Tanaka, Yoshiyuki et al. · indexed
477. Analysis of a Driving Simulator’s Steering System for the Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicle Driving · 2025 · Dols, Juan F. et al. · archived
478. Evaluation of User Interfaces for Cooperation Between Driver and Automated Driving System* ↗ · 2023 · Steckhan, Lorenz et al. · indexed
479. Effect of driver-initiated driver control during scheduled transitions with recommendations on reaction times and vehicle control performance in conditional driving automation ↗ · 2025 · Saito, Yuichi et al. · indexed
480. Automated Lane Changing With a Controlled Steering-Wheel Feedback Torque for Low Lateral Acceleration Purposes ↗ · 2019 · Loof, Jan et al. · indexed
481. Attention Management in Highly Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2019 · Baldwin, Carryl L. et al. · indexed
482. Assessing driver cortical activity under varying levels of automation with functional near infrared spectroscopy ↗ · 2017 · Sibi, Srinath et al. · indexed
483. Should the urgency of auditory-tactile takeover requests match the criticality of takeover situations? ↗ · 2018 · Roche, Fabienne et al. · indexed
484. An Objective Look at Helicopter Automation from a Test Pilot's Point of View ↗ · 1982 · Shapley, John J. · indexed
485. Cognitive effects of prolonged continuous human-machine interaction: The case for mental state-based adaptive interfaces · 2022 · Hinss, Marcel F. et al. · archived
486. Beyond just keeping hands on the wheel: Towards visual interpretation of driver hand motion patterns ↗ · 2014 · Ohn-Bar, Eshed et al. · indexed
487. 608 Lane-Keeping Performance Through Steering Torque Control ↗ · 2002 · Leelavansuk, Panat et al. · indexed
488. Driver–Steering Wheel Interaction during Cornering ↗ · 2024 · Previati, Giorgio et al. · indexed
489. Control Transfer Method from Automated Driving to Manual Driving During Curve Travel ↗ · 2019 · Okada, Kio et al. · indexed
490. AN ANALYSIS OF DRIVING CHARACTERISTICS WHILE USING SEMI-AUTONOMOUS DRIVING SYSTEM BASED ON PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEX AND GAZE BAHAVIOR ↗ · 2021 · TADA, Masahiro et al. · indexed
491. Driving On “Auto”: Hands-On is More Effective Than Hands-Free · 2012 · Krakow, Barry et al. · archived
492. Adaptive Takeover Strategy Based on Driver Fatigue State System for L3 Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Li, Xiao et al. · indexed
493. Contradictions and conflicts in racecar driving: under the development of intelligent automation technology ↗ · 2023 · Wei, Daren · indexed
494. Real-Time Defect Detection of Capacitive Touch Pads for Hands-Off Detection in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ↗ · 2026 · Hong, Sung Min et al. · indexed
495. π-Model Capacitive Sensor for Steering Wheel Hand Position Detection ↗ · 2025 · Sebastian, Pinku et al. · indexed
496. Disrupting to Driving: exploring upper primary teachers’ perspectives on student engagement ↗ · 2020 · Berry, Amy · indexed
497. The Effect of Digital Work Environment on Online Driver Engagement in Indonesia · 2025 · Kosasih, Nico · archived
498. Non-contact ECG Monitoring for Driver ↗ · 2020 · Stork, Milan et al. · indexed
499. Absorption Changes Induced by Off-Resonance Driving a Degenerate Two-Level System ↗ · 2008 · Jin, Cai et al. · indexed
500. Lipid traffic: an enigmatic alliance between ORPs and a TMEM16-like protein at membrane contact sites. ↗ · 2026 · Fabbre, A et al. · indexed
501. Size dependent antibacterial mechanism of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against Ralstonia solanacearum ↗ · 2026 · Nie, Kun et al. · indexed