A Scoping Review of Energy-Efficient Driving Behaviors and Applied State-of-the-Art AI Methods

Ma, Zhipeng; Jôrgensen, Bo Nørregaard; Ma, Zheng · 2024 · OpenAlex-citations

DOI: 10.3390/en17020500

archive: archived pipeline: cataloged verified

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Summary

This scoping review addresses the lack of comprehensive investigations into energy-efficient driving behaviors and the application of state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) methods to optimize them. Motivated by the transportation sector’s significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, the study aims to identify key driving factors influencing energy consumption and evaluate the AI methodologies used to model these relationships. The authors seek to fill existing gaps by providing clear, user-friendly recommendations for ecological driving styles, which are often overlooked in favor of vehicle selection or route planning strategies. The researchers conducted a systematic literature search across four databases—ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Scopus—excluding Google Scholar to ensure reproducibility and peer-reviewed quality. Using specific keywords related to AI, driving, and energy efficiency, they initially retrieved 682 articles. After removing duplicates and filtering for relevance through title, abstract, and full-text assessments, 37 articles were selected for detailed analysis. The review categorized the literature based on data sources, influencing factors, and applied AI models, distinguishing between prediction models and reinforcement learning frameworks. The analysis identified eleven key factors impacting driving energy efficiency, divided into behaviors controlled by drivers (speed, acceleration, deceleration, pedal usage, steering, gear, and engine parameters) and external conditions (distance, weather, traffic signals, and road parameters). Speed and acceleration were the most frequently analyzed variables. Data collection methods varied between simulation environments and real-world experiments using meters, Controller Area Networks (CANbus), On-Board Diagnostics (OBDs), smartphones, and additional sensors. Regarding AI methodologies, supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms, particularly linear regression, neural networks, and random forests, were predominantly used for fuel consumption prediction. Reinforcement learning frameworks were also employed to generate energy-saving driving behaviors in simulated environments. The review found that prediction models accounted for 64% of the studies, with linear regression being the most popular due to its interpretability. The study concludes that energy-efficient driving strategies can reduce fuel consumption by approximately 15% under various conditions. Based on the reviewed literature, the authors propose nine energy-efficient driving styles, including guidelines for vehicle parameter adjustment, scenario-specific recommendations, and subjective suggestions for drivers and employers. The findings highlight the effectiveness of AI in modeling complex driving behaviors and provide a structured overview of current methodologies, guiding future research toward more accurate, real-world applications of AI in reducing transportation emissions.

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StageOutcomeToolModelPromptAttemptsCompleted
discover success OpenAlex-citations 1 2026-06-20
archive success openalex 5 2026-06-26
extract success cached 2 2026-06-26
clean success clean 1 2026-06-20
chunk success chunk 1 2026-06-20
embed success embed Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B 1 2026-06-20
promote success 1 2026-06-20
summarize success llm qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant summ-v5 1 2026-06-26
tag success vector_similarity 6 2026-06-20
verify success 1 2026-06-26

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