Stability Simulation of a Vehicle with Wheel Active Steering
DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20164002025
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Summary
This paper investigates the potential for enhancing vehicle driving stability at high speeds through the implementation of a Four-Wheel Steering (4WS) system. While active rear-wheel steering is technically complex and expensive, it offers significant advantages in both low-speed maneuverability and high-speed stability. The study focuses specifically on the latter, aiming to determine how active rear-wheel steering can improve vehicle behavior during rapid direction changes. To analyze this, the authors developed a linearized 3D simulation model of a vehicle, extending the standard single-truck model to a two-truck configuration to allow for more detailed parameter input. The model accounts for various dynamic factors, including lateral forces from deflection and wheel camber, gyroscopic torques, and body roll. The simulation was implemented using dSPACE software. The 4WS regulation system employed in the model uses compound coupling, where the rear wheel steering angle is determined by both the front wheel steering angle (input) and vehicle output quantities, primarily the yaw rate. The control criterion aims to compensate for the lateral deflection angle of the center of gravity, targeting a zero value for its first-order derivative to ensure steady motion. The simulation results compare a conventional two-wheel steering (2WS) vehicle against the 4WS system during defined avoidance maneuvers, such as those specified in ISO 3888-2. The findings indicate that the 4WS system has a positive effect on vehicle movement stability, particularly when changing driving direction at high speeds. Specifically, the simulation demonstrates improved lateral breakaway characteristics and more controlled yaw angles compared to the 2WS baseline. The study also establishes a theoretical characteristic for rear-wheel steering angles based on vehicle speed and front-wheel steering input, noting that maximum rear-wheel steer is limited by adhesion and physical constraints. The authors conclude that while designing a chassis with a steered rear axle is more sophisticated and costly than traditional designs, the benefits in high-speed stability are significant. However, they note that obtaining the necessary input data for accurate simulation models is demanding and requires extensive measured values. The study suggests that while simulation models provide a valuable tool for verifying regulatory dependencies, the calculated ratios for rear-wheel steering must be optimized through real-world driving tests to ensure safety and performance.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | DOAJ | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| archive | success | unpaywall | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-25 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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