Intelligent Vehicle Initiative 2001 Annual Report - Saving Lives Through Advanced Vehicle Safety Technology

Resendes, Raymond · 2001 · ROSA P / United States. Federal Highway Administration

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Summary

This report summarizes the progress and accomplishments of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (USDOT) Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) during fiscal year 2001. Authorized by the Transportation Efficiency Act for the 21st Century, the IVI is a public-private partnership designed to prevent highway crashes and reduce fatalities and injuries. The initiative addresses three primary driving conditions: normal conditions, where the focus is on preventing driver distraction from in-vehicle information systems; degraded conditions, such as reduced visibility or driver fatigue, where warning systems are deployed; and imminent crash situations, where crash-avoidance technologies are utilized. The program targets four vehicle platforms: light vehicles, commercial vehicles, transit vehicles, and specialty vehicles. The IVI employs a collaborative approach involving federal agencies, private industry partners, universities, and local governments. Funding is shared, with private partners contributing over $40 million through cooperative agreements. The methodology involves defining safety system performance requirements, evaluating effectiveness through controlled testing and Field Operational Tests (FOTs) on public roads, and developing human factors guidelines to mitigate driver distraction. Specific research efforts in 2001 included a Naturalistic Driving Study involving 300 instrumented volunteer vehicles to analyze driver behavior and crash precursors, and a Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership with major automakers to develop standardized driver workload measures. Key findings and developments include the commercialization of several safety technologies facilitated by IVI research. General Motors introduced Night Vision™ technology, with USDOT projects credited with reducing costs and accelerating deployment by three to four years. Attention Technologies commercialized a drowsiness detection system based on eyelid closure metrics. Significant FOTs were conducted or planned for various crash-avoidance systems. These included rear-end collision warning systems for commercial trucks using radar and adaptive cruise control, rollover stability systems for heavy trucks, and lane departure warning systems for snowplows and transit buses. For light vehicles, long-term research focused on rear-end and road-departure collision avoidance, with plans to equip ten Buick LaSabres with rear-end avoidance systems for real-world testing in 2002. The significance of the IVI lies in its shift from crash mitigation to crash prevention, aiming to address driver error, which is cited in over 90 percent of crash reports. The report projects that advanced safety systems for commercial and specialty vehicles will reach the marketplace by 2003–2004, while light vehicle manufacturers are expected to introduce rear-end collision-avoidance systems by 2006 based on FOT results. By integrating technology with driver assistance, the IVI seeks to save lives and reduce the societal costs of highway crashes, which exceed $150 billion annually. The initiative establishes a framework for the continued development and deployment of sophisticated, integrated collision-avoidance systems over the next decade.

Key finding

The report outlines a strategic shift from crash mitigation to crash prevention through the deployment of driver assistance technologies across four vehicle platforms, including field tests for collision avoidance and driver condition monitoring systems.

Methodology

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Information type

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• Applied Guidance: countermeasure evaluation
• Empirical Findings: crash risk outcomes
• Methodological Resource: dataset resource